Human Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The body system which is responsible for the exchange of gasses between the inner body and the outer environment is called the respiratory system.

Question 2

How many regions does the respiratory tract have?

Answer 2

The respiratory tract has 2 regions: Upper and Lower

Question 3

Describe the function of nose.

Answer 3

The anterior part of nasal cavities is lined with vestibules that contain hair and mucus secreting cells.
The nose hair, mucus and cilia prevent any bacteria, harmful pathogens or particulate matter to enter the respiratory tract. They also moisten the air and warm it to the body temperature. Cilia also move the trapped substances to the pharynx for removal.

Question 4

Sections of pharynx.

Answer 4

The pharynx has three sections:
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx

Question 5

How is voice produced?

Answer 5

The voice box, also known as the larynx, is an enlargement in the airway on top of trachea which is mainly composed of muscles and cartilages. Inside the larynx, two fibrous cords are present. These are called vocal cords and are responsible for the production of voice i.e vocalization.

Question 6

How many pieces of cartilage does the trachea have?

Answer 6

The trachea has 15-20 C-shaped cartilaginous pieces.

Question 7

What are the proteins present in alveoli?

Answer 7

Elastin and Collagen.

Question 8

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 8

Two.
Superior lobe and Inferior lobe.

Question 9

The diaphragm _____________ during inhaltion.

Answer 9

Contracts and moves downwards.

Question 10

Exhalation includes the contraction of __________ intercostal muscles.
a) internal b) external

Answer 10

internal.

Question 11

The ____________ is the breathing center of the brain.

Answer 11

Medulla.

Question 12

What is the limbic system?

Answer 12

A system that controls basic reactions and emotions.
- Hypothalamus
- Amygdala
- Hippocampus

Question 13

What is the function of hippocampus?

Answer 13

Converts short term memory into long term memory/

Question 14

How is oxygen transported in blood?

Answer 14

Oxygen is transported in the form of oxyhemoglobin. Oxygen binds with Hb in the presence of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase.

Question 15

What is the oxygen carrying capacity of 1 Hb molecule?

Answer 15

4 Oxygen Molecules.

Question 16

Describe Chloride shift.

Answer 16

Its done through 3 ways:
- as bicarbonate ions
co2 reacts with water in presence of cabonic anhydrase to produce carbonic acid. It is unstable so it breaks into bicarbonate and hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion combines with Hb to form haemoglobinic acid and releases 4 oxygen molecules. The bicarbonate ion moves outside the RBC membrane via specialized carrier proteins called bicarbonate-chloride carrier proteins. Chloride diffuses inside the RBC. This phenomenon is also called Hamburger’s phenomenon or Chloride Shift.

Question 17

What other ways is CO2 transported by?

Answer 17

• dissolved in plasma
• as carboxyhemoglobin

Question 18

Differentiate between Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

Answer 18

• peptide chains
• iron (haem) groups
• affinity with oxygen
• molecules of oxygen that can bind with one Hb or myoglobin molecule
• location
• function
• at what PO2 does it lose oxygen at