Human Resources Flashcards
Name 5 functions of HR
Ensure business has personnel it needs Training staff Motivating staff Positive employee relations Comply with current employee legislation
Name 5 reasons for workforce changes
Meet increasing demand Development of new products Enter new markets Response to flexible working arrangements Opening new facilities
Name 5 reasons that people move on
Redundancy – falling sales Move to competitors/ employers Retirement Sick leave/ maternity leave/ New skills
3 steps of workforce planning
- Analyse forecast demand and number and skills required.
- Analyse profile of current workforce
- Closes gap by recruitment and selection of new staff/training existing staff/ motivating new staff
Name methods of advertising jobs
Internal: noticeboards/ business intranet/email/ co newsletters
External: job centre/newspaper
ads/ web sites like s1jobs/recruitment agencies.
5 advantages of internal recruitment
Vacancy filled quickly
Employee knows business saving on induction
Employee is known and trusted by business
Business saves money on advertising costs
Employees more motivated as know there is chance of promotion
4 disadvantages of internal recruitment
Applicants drawn from limited pool
Promoting an employee creates another vacancy
Misses chance of fresh blood
Resentment form other employees
4 advantages of external recruitment
Fresh new ideas
Wider pool
No further vacancies
Avoids jealousy
4 disadvantages of external recruitment
Induction training required
Longer recruitment and selection time
Risk of not knowing candidate
Existing staff may be demotivated
5 Steps for recruitment
Identify vacancy Job analysis Job description Person spec Advertising
Name 6. Selection methods
Application forms and cvs Interviews Testing Assessment centres References Trial/ probationary period
Name 5 types of testing
Attainment test( skills ie typing) Aptitude test Psychometric test IQ test Medical test
2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of interviews
Find out how candidate reacts under pressure
Indication of character and personality
Some candidates struggle under pressure
Candidates can be trained to interview well but may not be best person
Name 5 advantages of training
Helps to improve skills of workforce Motivates staff Improves efficiency and quality Reduces accidents and H and S incidents Attracts high quality staff
Disadvantages of training to a business
Costly especially if outsiders used
Lost production time
May need staff cover
Staff may leave after being trained.
Advantages and disadvantages of induction training
Staff become familiar with business quickly
Important H and S covered
Prevents staff from starting work immediately
Existing staff are used to carry out training which affects their work.
Advantages and disadvantages of Off the job training
Staff can concentrate on training with no distractions A Other staff not hindered by training A Qualifications can be obtained A Qualified trainers used A Very expensive D May not be job specific D Nothing is contributed during training D Over may be required D
Advantages and disadvantages of on the job training
Employee actually contributes while training A
Some employees learn better by doing A
Job Specific A
Mistakes can be made D
Production may be slower during training D
Bad habits may be picked up D
Name work based qualifications
NVQ or SVQ
Apprenticeships
Professional qualifications
Advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Learning (VLE)
Trainees can access material at home or while travelling A
Trainees can interact with trainers via chat/ conferencing A
Saves money in travel/facilities printing A
Some trainees may prefer face to face D
May be costly to set up D
Staff need to be motivated to complete D
5 levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs
Physiological Safety Social/belonging Esteem Self actualisation
Name 3 theories of Motivation
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Macgregor theory X and theory Y
Hertzberg motivator- hygiene
Describe Theory X employees
Dislike work and avoid at all costs
No ambition
Avoid responsibility and empowerment
Only work to get wages
Describe Theory Y employees
Employees satisfied with job
Self motivated to hit personal goals
Seek responsibility and happy to accept it.
Work for recognition and status
Name Hygiene factors
If not met will demotivate: Facilities Pay Security Supervision
Name Motivator factors
Status
Recognition
Responsibility
Promotion
Name basic motivation methods
Fair pay Payment methods Incentives cars/healthcare/discounts Permanent contracts Good Working conditions
Name advanced motivation methods
Staff appraisals Recognition Development opportunities Empowerment Participation
Name 3 types of employee participation
Worker director positions
Works councils
Quality circles
Name 3 leadership styles
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez Faire
Factors affecting Leadership style
The task Time available Staff skills Staff motivation Leader’s personality Group size Culture Availability of finance
Name 6 advantages of appraisals
Positive feedback motivates Targets gives goals to work to Training needs identified. Pay rises and bonuses can be awarded Promotion prospects identified Improved relationships between manager and employee
Name 5 disadvantages of appraisals
Negative feedback can demotivate
Unrealistic targets can put employees under pressure
To many development needs can stress employee
Employees can resent appraisal system
Time consuming
Differences in pay can cause rifts between employees
Managers can be accused of bias
Types of appraisal
Formal
Informal
Peer
360o
Changes in modern working practices
More female employees Family commitments Increase in tertiary and quaternary employment not requiring 9-5 More self employment More part time and temp employment
Name 3 different type of flexible
Flexitime
Homeworking
Third spaces
Name role of trade unions
Represent employees Legal support Advisory support Protects members Pay and conditions negotiations Pressure groups to influence govts
Role of ACAS
Advisory on HR matters
Conciliation to reach agreement
Arbitration – final decision
What is the CBI
Business group representing employers can lobby govt
Name 4 stages of disciplinary procedure
Verbal warning
Written warning
Final written warning
Dismissal
What is the impact of positive employee relations
Employees feel secure Disputes less likely to arise Workforce committed to business Easier to introduce changes Good reputation
What is the impact of negative employee relations
Poor performance due to low morale Increased staff turnover High absenteeism Less cooperation during change Increase in grievance and disciplinary Industrial action
Name 6 types of industrial action taken by employees
Go slow Work to rule Sit in Overtime ban Strike Picketing
Name 3 types of industrial action taken by employers
Overtime withdrawal
Lock out
Closing facility
Name 4 types of employment legislation
Equality act 2010
National Minimum wage act 1998
Employment rights act 1996
Health and Safety at work act 1974
Name 9 protected characteristics covered by equality act
Age Disability Gender Race Marital status Pregnancy and maternity Religion of belief Sexual orientation Gender reassignment
Name 7 types of discrimination
Harassment Victimisation Direct discrimination Indirect discrimination Associated discrimination(associated with another person) Discrimination by perception Harassment by 3rd party
Name impact of national minimum wage act
Illegal to pay below min wage
Employers must calculate work related costs and pay before paying min wage ( ie cant be part of)
Any annual increase by govt must be met.
Aspects of employment act 1996
Employee must have written contract of employment Contract includes pay, hours holiday etc Employees have itemised payslip Maternity and paternity leave Flexible working Redundancy payment
Aspects of Health and Safety at work act 1974
Must ensure health and safety of all employees Provision and safety of machinery Provision of safety equipment Training on safety issues Safe storage of dangerous chemicals Health and safety policy Provision of safety officers and committees Risk assessment
Use of technology in HRM
Advertising jobs on line Video conferencing for interviews Testing using pc’s Virtual learning platforms ICT for home working Emails company news and memos
Use of technology in HRM
Advertising jobs on line Video conferencing for interviews Testing using pc’s Virtual learning platforms ICT for home working Emails company news and memos Automatic salary payment Databases for employee records
