Human Resources 2 Flashcards
define the term management?
the process of reaching organisational goals by working with and through people
what are some management function?
planning
organising
controlling
functional
coordinate
lead
what is Management by objectives (MBO)?
a process whereby the employees and supervisors come together to identify common goals to ensure everyone in the business has a clear understanding of the aims and objectives of the business
What is the MBO process?
review objectives for the whole business
set objectives for the management of the different functions of the business
set objectives for individual department and workers
monitor progress
evaluate performance
what are some advantages of MBO?
improves communication between managers and employees
everyone is involved in working towards achieving its aims and objectives
employees are more likely to be motivated as they are being included in decision making
improve efficiency
what are some disadvantages of MBO?
time consuming
objected have to be updated and reviewed in a timely manner
demotivation and breakdown of working relationships
What does McGregor’s Theory X management approach claim?
workers must be heavily supervised
workers only respect the type of manager that tells them what to do
money is the only motivator
workers do not want to be involved in decision making
workers have little ambition
What does McGregor’s Theory Y management approach claim?
you cannot be motivated by money alone
workers are ambitious,
workers are more efficient if left alone
workers want to be seen noticed and appreciated
What are some consequences of theory X ?
strict control of formal methods of communication
tasks are to be broken down into its simplest units
responsibility must be clear and ambiguous
consequences of theory Y?
requirement of training
use of cell working
setting up of formal communication channels
promotion structures
flexible working practices
Describe the leadership style for autocratic leadership?
Where managers set objectives, allocates tasks and resources insists on obedience.
Describe bureaucratic leadership?
Rooted on paper based checks and counterchecks
Describe democratic leadership?
This type of leader consults with subordinates in the decision making process
Describe paternalistic leadership?
Leaders make all the decisions and there is no employee involvement however leaders may persuade employees that sessions that are made are in the best interest
Examples of where autocratic leadership is used?
Factories
Examples of where bureaucratic leadership is used?
NHS, banks
Describe laissez faire leadership style?
Allows employees to carry out activities freely with broad limits and have lack of supervision and input from managers
Describe Fiedlers leadership theory
The leader’s effectiveness is based on the situation resulting in leadership style and situational control
He believed leadership style is fixed and it can be measured using a scale he developed (LPC)
Describe Wright and Taylor’s leadership style?
Believed it was possible to improve leader’s performance through education
They identified two gaps in existing approaches
The element of skill is largely ignored
Not enough emphasis on what leaders actually do when they interact with their subordinates
What’s the difference between wright and Taylor’s theory and fielders
Fielder believed leaders are unable to adapt their leadership style whereas w+t thought you could through education
Define productivity
Productivity of a firm is a measurement of it’s efficiency in terms of output in relation to inputs
What’s the formula for labour productivity?
Labour productivity= total output per period of time/ average number of employees per period of time
What are some methods of improving productivity?
Increase investment in modern technology
Improve the ability level of those in work
Improve motivation
The role of management
Define labour turnover
It measures the proportion of staff in an organisation that leave each year
