Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Business Studies > Human Resources > Flashcards

Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is a job description?

A

It defines the main duties and responsibilities of the job and, will also state expectations and requirements to attract appropriate candidates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should be in a job description?

A

-The title of the job
-Location
-Condition and hours of work
-Main duties
-The person whom the job holder reports
-Names of people who report to job holder
-Details of equipment or parts of premises which job holder is responsible
-Date of first issue of job description and dates of any update

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a person specification?

A

To identify what an ideal applicant for the post should have in terms of personal qualities, knowledge, qualifications, skills, previous work experience etc…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can be on a person specification?

A

-Job title
-Qualifications
-Previous Experience
-Personal attributes
-Specialised skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a contract of employment?

A

Sets out rights and duties of both employee and employer. It is an agreement between two parties required by the law. Also gives protection and security to employee and employer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some of the contents on a contract of employment?

A

-Name of employee and employer
-Date of commencement of job
-Title and description of job
-Hours of work
-Agreed rates and method of payment
-Details of pension schemes
-Name, job title and location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 types of recruitment?

A
  1. Internal
  2. External
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the advantages of internal recruitment?

A

-Applicants familiar with business
-More motivated if position is a promotion
-Improves staff morale and provides motivation
-Cheaper than advertising externally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the disadvantages of internal recruitment?

A

-Range of applicants limited
-Doesn’t bring new skills or ideas
-New promoted employee may still need training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the advantages of external recruitment?

A

-Wide range of applicants
-Brings new skills and ideas
-Can appoint a fully trained person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the disadvantages of external recruitment?

A

-Applicants not familiar with business
-Existing staff may feel devalued and demotivated
-Slower process than internal recruitment
-Expensive due to advertising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of social media in recruitment?

A

-Widely advertises jobs
-Allows business to check candidates profile
-Lets business get enquiries from people interested
-Allows people to see recruitment information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the external methods of recruitment?

A

-Company website
-Job centres
-Local newspaper
-National Newspaper
-TV
-Radio
-Social media
-Specialist magazines
-Recruitment agencies
-School/University networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a company website for external recruitment?

A

A: Many businesses already have website, forms can be filled in online

D: Costs business money and time to update website

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of job centres for External recruitment?

A

A: Gives access to wide pool of applicants, free for businesses

D: High skilled employees will already be employed, not looking at job centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of local newspapers in external recruitment?

A

A: Suitable for local jobs, less expensive

D: Doesn’t reach a wide audience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of national newspapers in external recruitment?

A

A: Read by more people than local newspaper

D: More expensive to advertise on than local newspapers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of TV in external recruitment?

A

A: Reaches wide audience

D: Very expensive, most people who watch won’t apply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of radio for external recruitment?

A

A: Specific radio channels used to target certain types of applicants

D: Can be expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of social media in external recruitment?

A

A: Cheap method, large pool of applicants

D: Too many applicants without skill or qualifications may apply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the groups involved in the legal controls of recruitment?

A
  1. Race
  2. Religion
  3. Disability
  4. Gender
  5. Marital status
  6. Sexual orientation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to race in recruitment?

A

-Treated equally in recruitment or selection process, and training
-Also applies to travellers in N.I
-Employer liable is another employee discriminates someone of race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the exceptions in the legal controls in relation to race?

A

E.g Welfare services where they need to employ someone from same race they deal with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to religion in recruitment?

A

-All religions should have equal opportunities
-Employees must register with equality commissions if 10 or more staff
-Employer must submit list of religious beliefs of every employee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the exceptions in legal controls for religion?

A

Any occupation that requires someone of a certain religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to disabled people in recruitment?

A

-Business Building must have ramps and lifts, disabled toilets and disabled parking
-Disabled people must have equal opportunities in recruitment, selection, training
-Must not be treated less favourably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to Gender in recruitment?

A

-Both genders have equal treatment and opportunities in recruitment etc
-Both genders should have equal chance at promotion
-Retirement and pension scheme should be the same
-Sexual harassment is not allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to martial status in recruitment?

A

-Cannot discriminate if someone is married, divorced or single etc
-Everyone treated equally in recruitment, promotion, selection, training
-Equal pay and conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the legal controls in relation to sexual orientation?

A

-Unlawful to discriminate someone because they are in a same sex relationship
-People must be treated equally and have same opportunities
-Everyone must be given equal pay and conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the role of the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland?

A

It provides protection against discrimination on grounds of age, sex, disability, religion, political opinion and sexual orientation.
This helps create and maintain a more equal society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the Equality commissions legal responsibilities?

A

-Promotion of equality of opportunity
-Eliminates unlawful discrimination and harassment
-Reviews laws regularly
-Promotion of good relations between different racial and disability groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the main methods of selection?

A

– application form
– application letter
– curriculum vitae(CV)
– testing
– interview
– presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is an application form?

A

A standard document used by all applicants. The applicant fills in factual details e.g qualifications. All applicants complete same document with same questions as it is fair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is an application letter?

A

Used to enhance the CV when looking for employment, that details skills etc an applicant has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a Curriculum Vitae (CV)?

A

A document which summarises an applicants qualifications, skills, attributes, and experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is in the standard format for a CV?

A

-Personal details
-Educational value
-Qualifications
-Work experience
-Hobbies and interests
-Previous employers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is testing?

A

A method employers use to provide accurate picture of applicants ability to perform key tasks for the role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the different types of tests used?

A

-Aptitude test
-Intelligence test
-Psychometric test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is an interview?

A

Where applicants are invited to meet representatives of the firm and answer the questions they ask.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How is someone selected through an interview?

A

All questions are the same so they compare answers between applicants and score them. The highest ranked applicant is selected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a presentation?

A

A presentation shows the personality of applicant, communication skills and how they prepare tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of application forms

A

A: Contains exact info employer needs, same document for all applicants which makes it easy to compare answers, shows applicants written communication skills.

D: Someone else may fill it in, doesn’t prove applicant is good at job, may contain false information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of application letters?

A

A: Shows communicant skills, shows presentation skills, attracts attention of employer to check out applicants CV.

D: Someone else may type it up, doesn’t prove how good applicant is at job, may contain false info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of curriculum vitaes (CV)?

A

A: Contains all relevant info (applicants education, work etc), shows presentation skills, helps with short-listing

D: Doesn’t prove applicant is good at job, time consuming to look at all info, may contain false info

45
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of testing?

A

A: Shows level of applicants practical skills and suitability for various roles, proves or disproves info in CV

D: Applicant may become nervous under testing conditions, Skills and abilities of candidate may not be properly assessed during testing.

46
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of interviews?

A

A: Shows applicants oral communication skills, shows applicants personality and appearance, allows employer to check information on application form.

D: Can be intimidating for applicants, time consuming with no guarantee applicant gets job, Employer can be bias based on perception

47
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of presentations?

A

A: Shows applicants preparation and ability to perform under pressure, shows applicants personality and confidence, shows communication skills.

D: Can be intimidating for applicants, time consuming, only demonstrates some of skills and abilities required for job

48
Q

What are the responsibilities of employers and employees in selection process?

A

Honesty, Objectivity, Fairness, Confidentiality

49
Q

What is the responsibility of honesty between employer and employees?

A

It’s expected that the employer and employee would be totally honest with eachother. E.g documents provided by employer must be clear. Applicants must provide honest info in application form and interview

50
Q

What is the responsibility of objectivity between employers and employee?

A

Employers and employee are expected to be totally without prejudice with one another. No favouritism

51
Q

What is the responsibility of fairness between employers and employees?

A

All applicants are treated the same in shortlisting. E.g same questions and time in interview to all applicants

52
Q

What is the responsibility of confidentiality between employers and employee?

A

Both parties must treat all info learned about eachother as strictly confidential. Both must not share private details of firm or applicants

53
Q

What is staff appraisal?

A

To assess how well an employee is doing at their job by providing employee with feedback

54
Q

What is the importance of staff appraisal?

A

Helps ensure employees are working to maximum ability and helps organisation run efficiently

55
Q

What are the reasons for staff appraisal?

A

-To Identify staff strengths and weaknesses
-To identify staff promotion possibilities
-To identify most effective use of employees

56
Q

What are the advantages of appraisal for EMPLOYEES?

A

-Gives opportunity for promotion and sets pay levels
-Allows them to reach full potential
-Gives opportunity communicate with employers (about problems etc)

57
Q

What are the advantages of appraisal for employers?

A

-Shows staff strengths and allows business to use employees efficiently
-shows staff weaknesses and helps plan training
-Identifies staff overall productivity, which increases profits

58
Q

What are the 3 methods of appraisal?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Interview
  3. Self-Evaluation
59
Q

What is observation?

A

Where employee is watched doing job by assessor or manager

60
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of observation?

A

A: Allows employee to be observed in natural work environment
-Gives true picture of employees work

D: Can be off putting and stressful for employee which effects their usual performance

61
Q

What is an interview in appraisal?

A

A one to one discussion between employee and assessor(usually manager)

62
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of interviews in appraisal?

A

A: Gives both parties private opportunity to discuss employees work record, strengths and weaknesses. Allows employees to put forward their ideas. Discusses problems in work and finds solutions

D: Many employees know questions asked and can rehearse appropriate answers. Relationship between assessor and employee can effect outcome.

63
Q

What is a self-evaluation?

A

A written account which employees critically assess their own work

64
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of self evaluation in appraisal?

A

A: allows employees to critically assess their own work and make improvements. Makes employees responsible for their own work. Offers assessor insight to employees view on their own strengths and weaknesses.

D: Employees can find it hard to be self-critical to identify their own faults

65
Q

What are the 3 different types of reasons for staff training?

A
  1. Induction
  2. Change in procedures
  3. For business to become more competitive
66
Q

What is training definition?

A

Where employees acquire new knowledge and skills which can be applied to particular job

67
Q

What is induction?

A

Introduction to organisation to make employee feel at ease

68
Q

What will happen at induction for new employee?

A

-Guided tour of business and introduction to work colleagues
- Advised rules and regulations of regulations and advised culture of firm
-A talk or video of firm
-Explanation of health and safety procedures

69
Q

What is change of procedures in staff training?

A

New laws rules or regulations, therefore employees need training to upgrade skills and knowledge. May need to train in new technology used or new methods in making new products

70
Q

What is “To become more competitive” in staff training?

A

Staff training programmes to improve efficiency of employees to improve competitiveness

71
Q

What is the advantages and disadvantages for businesses of training?

A

A: Makes workforce more efficient and effective. Gives competitive advantage over rivals. Decreases possibility of accidents in workplace.

D: Training is expensive. Employees given time off work to train. Highly paid employees may demand higher pay

72
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages for employees in staff training?

A

A: New employees become properly introduced to business. Trained employees may gain greater access to promotion opportunity. Employees will have updated skills.

D: Puts pressure on highly trained employees to increase productivity. Training is carried out in days employees wouldn’t normally work. More pressure on highly paid employees to improve product or service.

73
Q

What is on-the-job training?

A

Occurs in workplace during normal hours and employees are trained by qualified colleagues.

74
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of on-the job training?

A

A: Employee is constantly monitored by supervisor. Employee is trained using existing machinery in business. Cheaper

D: Trainer can pass on bad habits. Employee may not be trained using up to date equipment. Employee not able to share experiences with workers from other companies

75
Q

What is off-the-job training?

A

Carried out by professionals in a location different from where trainee normally works.

76
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages off-the-job training?

A

A: Training done by specialists of high quality. Employees can attended evening or weekend classes so they don’t miss work. Trainees are introduced to new up to date machinery.

D: Machinery may not be the same used in for their workplace. Very expensive. If training is during day business will lose productivity

77
Q

What is motivation?

A

The way in which a person can be encouraged to make an effort to do something

78
Q

What is the importance of motivation for employees?

A

-Lower labour turnover
-Higher quality work
-Fewer accidents
-Less absenteeism

79
Q

What is a lower labour turnover?

A

Employees less likely to leave if they are happy. Reduces recruitment costs for business

80
Q

What can higher quality work lead to?

A

A high level of output which may lower unit costs of production and lead to increased profits

81
Q

What can fewer accidents do to benefit business?

A

More work completed and less recovery costs, also improved reputation of business for being safe employer.

82
Q

What does less absenteeism mean?

A

Employees will be more happy working and less likely to take time off. Business don’t have to find temporary replacement staff

83
Q

What are the 2 main ways of motivating employees?

A
  1. Financial
  2. Non-financial
84
Q

What are the financial methods of motivation?

A

Bonus, commission, fringe benefits, profit sharing

85
Q

What is a bonus?

A

A one-off additional payment made to employees who work well and help business reach agreed set targets.

86
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of bonuses?

A

A: Encourages employees to work harder, increases productivity to reach set targets, employee gets opportunity to increase income above their normal salary.

D: Employees may rush work to reach target. Employee could become demotivated if set targets are unrealistic.

87
Q

What is commission?

A

Employees being paid percentage of sales revenue that they make for business.

88
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of commissions?

A

A: Encourages sales staff to increase their amount of sales. Sales staff increase their income.

D: Commission is linked to sales revenue, e.g therefore a cars salesperson would focus on selling higher price vehicles and ignore lower price

89
Q

What are fringe benefits?

A

A.K.A perks. Benefits provided to employees (e.g company car). The recipient does not receive cash but perks that are at a cost to the business

90
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of fringe benefits/perks?

A

A: Gives employees extra motivation to work harder for business. Helps retain staff at a business(less labour turnover)

D: Some staff would prefer an increased salary as opposed to perks

91
Q

What is profit sharing?

A

Where employees receive a share of the businesses annual profits on top of their annual salary.

92
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of profit sharing?

A

A: Motivates employees to increase business output. Employees feel greater sense belonging to business and are interested in its success.

D: Everyone benefits the same form profits made (those who worked less). If business makes a loss employees receive nothing

93
Q

What are the non-financial methods of motivation?

A

Job rotation, Team working, Quality circles, Flexible working

94
Q

What is Job rotation?

A

Where employees move around different jobs in business to avoid possibility of them getting bored.

95
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of job rotation?

A

A: Employee gets advantage of learning new skills/tasks. Reduces boredom which stops demotivated workforce.

D: Each employee needs trained for each role(less productivity for a period during training). Only so many jobs can be rotated and returning to the same one can cause boredom.

96
Q

What is team working?

A

The organisation of workers into teams to work together on a particular job.

97
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of team working?

A

A: Makes employees feel responsible to impart their skills to other team members. Employees feel committed to make their team successful. Increases job satisfaction and improves morale.

D: Some team members can be uncommitted to team and don’t work hard- this can cause conflict in team

98
Q

What are quality circles?

A

Where employees are organised into work teams and meet to examine the quality of what they are doing and try to find ways of doing job better and improving quality.

99
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of quality circles?

A

A: Employees are involved in assessing quality in production of goods. Sharing of best practices among group is motivating.

D: Can be difficult to get all of group on board with quality practices.

100
Q

What is flexible working?

A

Where employee is allowed to have some choice when they start work and can finish work. Can do mean working from home.

101
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of flexible working?

A

A: Ensures staff who can’t work 9-5 have access to employment. Gives employees flexibility with regards to their work.

D: Increases heating and lighting costs as offices open earlier or later. Can cause control problems for management when workers change their hours.

102
Q

What are the factors affecting job satisfaction?

A
  1. Wages/Salaries
  2. Responsibility
  3. Success
  4. Enjoyment
  5. Working conditions
  6. Praise
103
Q

How do wages/salaries affect job satisfaction?

A

It is the reward to staff for their work. More money means people can afford more luxuries

104
Q

How does responsibility affect job satisfaction?

A

Makes employees feel trusted and of value to organisation when responsible.

105
Q

How does success affect job satisfaction?

A

When an employee does their job well their is a sense of success. This can be discussed at appraisals and rewarded through bonuses or promotion.

106
Q

How does enjoyment affect job satisfaction?

A

It’s important to find work your happy doing. No amount of money from salaries can make you happy at a job you dislike.

107
Q

How do working conditions affect job satisfaction?

A

Will make employee happy, otherwise a bad working condition would may make employees unhappy and leave.

108
Q

How does praise affect job satisfaction?

A

Makes employees feel valued and that they are making a contribution to the business.

Business Studies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions