Human Resource Management Flashcards
Features of a tall structure hierarchy
- Traditional/mechanistic
- many layers in hierarchy
- narrow span of control
- less delegation
- long communication
- more layers = more staff = low costs
What are the features of a flat structure hierarchy?
-organistic
- wide span of control
- more delegation
- staff has greater responsibility
- vertical communication improves
- few layers = less staff = low costs
What is delayering?
Removing layers from hierarchy or organisation
What is delegation?
Assignment to others of authority for particular task, decisions & functions
What is recruitment?
Position advertised to current employees and people from outside
Benefits of internal recruitment
- candidates know the business
- cheap and quick
- employer know employee
- promotion = motivated
Benefits of external recruitment
- candidates bring new ideas
- field a lot larger to select from
- stop disgruntled employees
Disadvantages to external recruitment
- expensive
- may not be as successful
What is on the job training?
At workplace, carry out by employee or specialist
What are the advantages and disadvantages to on the job training?
Advs
- easier to do
- cheaper
- tailored to work
Dis
- seen less valuable
- persons negative way of work pass on
What is off the job training?
Away from the workplace carried out by a specialist
What are the advantages and disadvantages to off the job training?
Advs
- seen as a perk away from work
- take it more serious
- environment away from work
Dis
- expensive
- waste of time
- cover required while away
What are the other methods of training?
- learning by watching
- apprenticeships
- e learning
- courses
- academic training
- vocational training
What is training needs analysis?
Ensure worker is given he skills to do the job effectively
- they observe if the job is done well
- skill shortage
- TNA resolve problem in particular areas of business
- analysis collate and analyse make sure training is not a waste of time or money
What are the factors of training needs analysis?
- What does it want to achieve in the future
- Who is to be trained and how
- Involve the people who are trained in the process
- How training should be delivered
- External providers need to be chosen carefully
- Cost of training
- Number of people that need to be trained
What is organisational structure?
The way in which a business is organised
What is span of control?
The number of employees for whom the manager is responsible
What is involved in Lewin’s style of leadership?
- Autocratic
- manager makes decisions alone, set work and expect all of it to be done (financial incentives)
- closely supervise employees - Democratic
- involve employees in decision making
- motivation beyond financial incentives - Laissez-faire
- provide little direction to employees
- employee set own obj - Paternalistic
- Persuade employees to accept view
- want workforce feel involved in decision making
What is involved in McGregor’s Theory?
THEORY X
- dislike work
- forced/coerced
- motivated by money
- lack initiative to work independently
THEORY Y
- enjoy work if in right conditions
- creative and willing to contribute
- self disciplined
- not just motivated by money
What is involved in Caryle and Galtons Theory?
Based on attributes a good leader has:
1. Motivational
2. Integrity
3. Self-confident
4. Creative
5. Intelligent
What is involved in Adair’s theory?
3 elements for leadership situation
1. Achievement of task
2. Team involved in task
3. Individual members of team involved in the task
What is task need leadership?
Focus on organise task to maximise effort
What is peoples need leadership?
Emphasis on well-being and development of employees
What is a country club leadership?
High concern for people and low concern for task
Prioritise employees need
However, could lead to inefficiency
What is a team leader leadership?
High concern for task and people
Employees most productive when needs met = high morale
What is authoriatarian leadership?
High concern for task and low concern for people
Focus on proficiency and production with little regard for employee wellbeing
What is impoverished leadership?
Low concern for people and task
Minimal effort from both areas= poor results
What is middle-of-the-road leadership?
Balance between task and people
Maintain morale and achieve moderate product results
What is motivation?
Strong desire to act in a certain way to achieve specific results
Why is motivation important?
- achieve goals effectively
- enhance productivity, satisfaction and overall business success
What are the benefits of a motivated workforce?
- Reduce absenteeism and lower turnover rate
- Employees see themselves as valuable
- Improves the business external image
What are monetary methods?
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
Bonus profits and shares
What are non-monetary methods?
FACTORS UNRELATED TO PAY
Recognition and responsibility
What are trait theories?
People inherit traits that are required to be a leader
What is contingency theories?
Focus on variables related to environmental determine particular style of leadership
What is behavioural theories?
Good leaders are made and not just born
What are functional theories?
Leader gets the work done and maximise effectiveness
What are situational theories?
Leaders choose best course of action based on situation
What are participative theories?
Input of others taken into consideration
What are management theories?
Believe in rewards and punishments
What are relationship theories?
Relationship built between leader and employee
What is McClelland’s three need theory?
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Power
All of this can enable and influence behaviours in a work environment
What is Herzberg’s 2 factor theory?
- Hygiene Factors
If environment is clean and work is secure and you get a decent salary, it can motivate the workers to be there everyday - Motivators
Factors such as recognition and responsibility can motivate employees
Allows them to take an active role in their job which can motivate them to well
What is an appraisal?
A formal assessment on an employees performance
What makes an effective appraisal?
- Managers committed to process
- Ensure employees understand system
- Ensure managers trained to undertake process
