HUMAN RESOURCE

Question 1

Four Principles of Management

Answer 1

1. Organizing
2. Directing
3. Staffing
4. Controlling

Question 2

refers to how management blends human and
nonhuman resources through a design of formal
structure of tasks and authority

Answer 2

ORGANIZING

Question 3

a social unit of people that is structured and
managed to meet a need or to pursue collective
goals

Answer 3

ORGANIZATION

Question 4

geometrical shapes or symbols indicating the
relationships of the personnel to one another.

Answer 4

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Question 5

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN FORMING AN
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Answer 5

1. The different activities essential in attaining the goals
   and objectives of the firm;
2. Analysis of job position required in accomplishing the
   activities of the firm’ and,
3. Placement of people qualified for the jobs.

Question 6

backbone of all the operating procedures and
workflows at any company. It determines the place
and the role of each employee in the business and is
key to organizational development.

Answer 6

Organizational Structure

Question 7

ELEMENTS OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Answer 7

1. Specialization
2. Delegation of Authority
3. Formalization
4. Departmentalization
5. Span of Control
6. Degree of Centralization

Question 8

FOUR TYPES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATION

Answer 8

LINE TYPE
FUNCTIONAL TYPE
LINE AND STAFF TYPE
COMMITTEE TYPE

Question 9

simple and direct and responsible are readily
fixed. Authority flows directly from the top
executive down to subordinate executives.

Answer 9

LINE TYPE

Question 10

authority is vested on qualified managers to
provide expertise to each specialized function.

Answer 10

FUNCTIONAL TYPE

Question 11

characterized by line functions directly
responsible for the achievement of
organizational objectives

Answer 11

LINE AND STAFF TYPE

Question 12

a formal organizational group created to carry out
specific organizational task.

Answer 12

COMMITTEE TYPE

Question 13

the organization that combines the merits of line and
functional organization, by adding the functional
specialist to the line organization

Answer 13

LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION

Question 14

REQUIREMENTS IN PERSONNEL SELECTION

Answer 14

• APPLICATION FORM
• INTERVIEW
• WRITTEN TESTS
• PRACTICAL TESTS
• REFERENCE CHECK
• MEDICAL EXAMINATION

Question 15

refers to instructing, guiding and
motivating employees to accomplish organizational
objectives

Answer 15

DIRECTING

Question 16

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

Answer 16

INFORMATION GATHERING -
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION
DELEGATING OPERATIONS
CONTROLLING
NETWORKING

Question 17

one significant factor that contributes to personnel
retention and efficient performance

Answer 17

Motivation

Question 18

a combination of internal and external factors that
stimulate desire and energy

Answer 18

Motivation

Question 19

Motivation Results

Answer 19

1. Intensity of Desire or Need
2. Incentive or Reward Value of the Goal
3. Expectations of the Individual and of his Peers

Question 20

Why motivate people?

Answer 20

1. Improving the organization of the elements as a job
2. Modifying organizational behavior
3. Harnessing recognition and pride
4. Financial incentives

Question 21

Theories of Motivations

Answer 21

The Economic Man
The Social Man
The Complex Man
The Motivated Man
The Achiever
The Managed Man

Question 22

This stemmed from the belief
that man works to full his economic needs such as
material and physiological needs. This belief pervaded the time during the days of Frederick Taylor

Answer 22

The Economic Man

Question 23

This theory by Roethlisberger and
Mayo at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric
Company in the 1930’s revealed that man’s social
network inside the workplace greatly affects
performance and motivation

Answer 23

The Social Man

Question 24

This theory was posited by
Abraham Maslow in his Hierarchy of Needs. This
theory states that motivation is dependent on a
specific hierarchical structure of needs

Answer 24

The Complex Man

Question 25

This theory is anchored on the
experiments conducted by Herzberg. He found out
that individual workers have 2. different categories of
needs that are independent of each but essentially
affects behavior in different ways. These categories
are the Hygiene factors and Satisfying factors.

Answer 25

The Motivated Man

Question 26

McClelland posited that individuals
who have high need to achieve do achieve more than
those individuals with low needs for achievement.

Answer 26

The Achiever -

Question 27

In this theory, Douglas McGregor
argued that a manager’s assumption about the
people behavior largely defines his/her style UI
management. McGregor posited that there are two
categories of human behavior–Theory X and Theory Y;

Answer 27

The Managed Man

Question 28

HOW TO MOTIVATE PEOPLE TO WORK WELL

Answer 28

Positive Reinforcement
Careful Placement
Keep the Employee Informed
Opportunities for Participation
High Standard of Performance
Give them Responsibility Discipline

Question 29

Introduced by B.F. Skinner in his Treatise, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, where he said
that we are all simply a product of the stimuli that we get from the external world

Answer 29

Positive Reinforcement

Question 30

An employee should be given that is based
on his/her interest to keep them motivated

Answer 30

Careful Placement

Question 31

Relay necessary information to employees
or workers for them to really understand
how their performance affects the
performance of the whole organization or
enterprise.

Answer 31

Keep the Employee Informed

Question 32

Create an environment where employees can actively participate in planning and decision making within their competence.
This establishes a feeling of appreciation and sense of achievement among
employees

Answer 32

Opportunities for Participation

Question 33

Set demands that will challenge the employees to improve their performance. It should also be noted that such standards
must not overwhelm the employee.

Answer 33

High Standard of Performance

Question 34

the tendency of certain members of a group to get by with less effort than what they would have put when working
alone

Answer 34

Loafing

Question 35

two common manifestations of Loafing

Answer 35

Free Rider Effect
Sucker Effect

Question 36

• Where some members do not put in their share of work under the assumption that
  other’s efforts will cover their shortfall

Answer 36

Free Rider Effect

Question 37

Where the other (fully performing)
members lower their efforts in response to the free riders’ attitude

Answer 37

Sucker Effect

Question 38

Progressive Discipline

Answer 38

• Verbal Warning
• Written Warning
• 1-Day Suspension
• 3-Day Suspension
• Termination

Question 39

refers to the process of efficient
performance to attain the objective of the firm

Answer 39

Controlling