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Science > human reproductive system > Flashcards

human reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

bladder

A

sac that stores Urine

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2
Q

ureter

A

tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder

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3
Q

seminal vesicle

A

pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the urinary bladder of some male mammals

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4
Q

scrotum

A

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

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5
Q

prostate gland

A

a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder containing semen

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6
Q

penis

A

male genital organ which carries the duct for sperm

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7
Q

urethra

A

tube which connects the bladder and meatus which carries semen and urine

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8
Q

foreskin

A

the retractable roll of skin covering the end of the penis.

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9
Q

head of penis

A

top of the penis

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10
Q

testis

A

organ which produces semen

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11
Q

epididymus

A

duct behind the testis which semen passes through

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12
Q

sperm duct

A

transports sperm to the epididymis to the urethra

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13
Q

rectum

A

where food is stored as feces and is excreted through the anus

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14
Q

follicles

A

sacs containing eggs

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15
Q

fallopian tube

A

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. fertilization appears in one of these tubes

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16
Q

fertilisation

A

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

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17
Q

puberty

A

life stage where the sex glands become active and physical changes occur in order to enable reproduction

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18
Q

sexual reproduction

A

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

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19
Q

gametes

A

reproductive cells containing half the genetic information of normal cells

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20
Q

sperm

A

male reproductive cell. consists of a head, a neck and a tail used to swim towards the egg

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21
Q

ova

A

female sex cell (gametes) SINGULAR = OVUM

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22
Q

zygote

A

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilized ovum before it starts dividing into more shells

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23
Q

external fertilation

A

reproduction when the females release eggs into the water and fertilised by sperm

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24
Q

internal fertilisation

A

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and the egg is fertilised by the male inside the female

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25
Q

copulation

A

the act of inserting sperm into a female (sex)

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26
Q

sexual intercourse

A

the act of inserting sperm into a female (sex)

27
Q

meiosis

A

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original shell

28
Q

epigenetics

A

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

29
Q

nuclear DNA

A

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of the sperm and the ovum

30
Q

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

A

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only by the mother

31
Q

ejaculation

A

release of sperm

32
Q

semen

A

combination of fluid and sperm

33
Q

identical twins

A

twins developed from the same fertilised egg

34
Q

fraternal twins

A

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

35
Q

embryo

A

group of cells formed from the zygote and developing into different body organs

36
Q

implantation

A

the process whereby the embryo becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus

37
Q

fetus

A

the unborn young of an animal the has grown a head, arms and legs

38
Q

placenta

A

organ formed in the mothers womb that passes food and oxygen to the baby from the mothers blood and the feces are removed

39
Q

gestation period

A

a time where the offspring develops in the uterus

40
Q

premature

A

a baby born 37 weeks after conception

41
Q

labour

A

childbirth

42
Q

breech

A

where a baby is delivered with it’s feet coming out first

43
Q

caesarean

A

operation to remove the baby by cutting the mothers abdomen

44
Q

conception

A

putting a fertilsed egg into the wall of the uterus

45
Q

contraception

A

stopping an egg from being fertilised (stopping an egg from being embedded on the uterus wall)

46
Q

contraceptives

A

devices or substances that prevent an egg from being fertilised

47
Q

transdermal patches

A

skin applications containing hormones that are absorbed through the skin

48
Q

vaginal pills

A

soluble capsules that are placed inside the vagina to prevent contraception

49
Q

filshie clip

A

type of fallopian tube clamp

50
Q

testosterone injections

A

injections that reduce sperm production

51
Q

anti-fertility vaccines

A

injections to control sperm and testosterone levels

52
Q

sperm duct plug

A

injection of a liquid plastic to block the sperm duct

53
Q

chemical sterilisation

A

oral medication that results in male infertility

54
Q

gossypol

A

non-hormonal substance that occurs naturally in unrefined cottonseed oil. Reduces sperm count when taken orally

55
Q

infertility

A

to not be able to have children

56
Q

sterile

A

being unable to produce reproductive cells

57
Q

donor eggs

A

ova from other women

58
Q

test-tube babies

A

babies who were created by fertilising eggs in a laboratory

59
Q

surrogacy

A

pregnancy that occurs when the fertilised egg is placed in a woman who didn’t produce the egg

60
Q

pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

A

a procedure to diagnose the baby of any abnormalities in embryos before being planted inside the mother

61
Q

ultrasoun

A

sound with frequency so high humans can’t hear it

62
Q

amniocentesis

A

removing and testing of fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus

63
Q

chorionic villus sampling

A

procedure in which cells from the developing placenta are removed for testing at 10–12 weeks of pregnancy, allowing certain abnormalities to be detected

Science (8 decks)

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