Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mechanical digestion (physical digestion)

A

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with our teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical digestion

A

chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

alimentary canal (digestive track)

A

the place where food travels from mouth to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

enzymes

A

chemicals that speed up the reaction but are not used up in the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

saliva

A

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

salivary glads

A

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bolus

A

chewed up ball of food on your mouth which makes swallowing easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

esophagus

A

part of the digestive system composed of a tube which connects the mouth to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peristalsis

A

process of pushing food along the oesphagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stomach

A

large muscular organ which mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

small intestine

A

the part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine, where much of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

absorption

A

the taking in of a substance, for example from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

villi

A

tiny finger-like projections from the wall of the intestine that maximise the surface area of the structure to increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nutrient

A

substances that provide energy and chemicals that living things need to stay alive, grow and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bile

A

a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gall bladder

A

a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lipids

A

types of nutrients that contain fat and oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lipases`

A

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amalyses

A

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

proteases

A

enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pancreas

A

a large gland in the body which produces and secretes insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

colon

A

the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

large intestine

A

the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

vitamin D

A

a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cellulose

A

a natural substance that keeps the cell wall of plants rigid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

rectum

A

the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

anus

A

where faeces is excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

emuslify

A

combine two liquids that don’t usually mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

denatured

A

proteins after they have been overheated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

substrate

A

substance acted upon by an enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

product

A

result of a chemical equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

burping

A

release of gas through the mouth

34
Q

heartburn

A

burning sensation caused by stomach acid rising through the esophagus

35
Q

flatulence

A

release of gas through the anus

36
Q

diorrheoa

A

excessive discharge of watery feaces

37
Q

vomiting

A

the forceful ejection of matter from the stomach through the mouth

38
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

39
Q

skeletal system

A

bones and joints

40
Q

skeletal muscle system

A

voluntary or striated muscle

41
Q

skeleton

A

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

42
Q

bones

A

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

43
Q

bone marrow

A

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

44
Q

cartilage

A

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

45
Q

calcium

A

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

46
Q

phosphorus

A

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

47
Q

minerals

A

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

48
Q

offisication

A

hardening of bones

49
Q

brittle

A

breaks easily into many pieces

50
Q

joint

A

region where two bones meet

51
Q

ligaments

A

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

52
Q

synovial fluid

A

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

53
Q

pivot joint

A

joint that allows twisting

54
Q

hinge joints

A

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

55
Q

ball and socket joints

A

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

56
Q

immovable joints

A

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

57
Q

muscles

A

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

58
Q

involuntary muscles

A

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs

59
Q

voluntary muscles

A

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

60
Q

tendons

A

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

61
Q

greenstick fracture

A

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

62
Q

fracture

A

break in a bone

63
Q

osteoperosis

A

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

64
Q

sprains

A

injury caused by tearing a ligament

65
Q

arthritis

A

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

66
Q

tennis elbow

A

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

67
Q

torn hamstring

A

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint

68
Q

excretion

A

removal of wastes from the body`

69
Q

skin

A

external covering of an animal body

70
Q

lungs

A

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

71
Q

liver

A

largest gland in the body. The liver secretes bile for digestion of fats, builds proteins from amino acids, breaks down many substances harmful to the body and has many other essential functions.

72
Q

kidneys

A

body organs that filter the blood, removing urea and other wastes

73
Q

nephrons

A

the filtration and excretory units of the kidney

74
Q

ureters

A

tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder

75
Q

bladder

A

sac that stores urine

76
Q

urination

A

passing of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

77
Q

urethra

A

tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder to the outside of the body

78
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

a cup-like structure at one end of a nephron within the kidney, surrounding the glomerulus. It serves as a filter to remove wastes and excess water.a cup-like structure at one end of a nephron within the kidney, surrounding the glomerulus. It serves as a filter to remove wastes and excess water.

79
Q

glomerulus

A

a cluster of capillaries in the kidney that acts as a filter to remove wastes and excess water

80
Q

haemodylias

A

the process of passing blood through a machone

Science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions