Human Reproductive Considerations

Question 1

6 events of menstrual cycle

Answer 1

1. menstruation
2. follicle growth
3. ovulation
4. CL formation and function
5. endometrial growth and secretion
6. luteolysis

Question 2

What are the key differences from estrous cycles (3)

Answer 2

1. Monthly sloughing of endometrium in absence of pregnancy
2. No defined period of sexual receptivity
3. Longer follicle phase in menstrual cycle

Question 3

2 ovarian events during menstrual cycle

Answer 3

1. Follicular phase

2. Luteal phase

Question 4

Follicular phase starts on day __ of menses and ends at __

Answer 4

• day 1

- ovulation

Question 5

Menstrual follicular phase is __than that in estrous cycles

Answer 5

longer

Question 6

How long is the menstrual follicular phase?

Answer 6

14 days approx

Question 7

The follicular phase is more __ between individuals than the luteal phase

Answer 7

variable

Question 8

Which species’ CL secretes more estradiol than other species?

Answer 8

primate

Question 9

Luteolysis occurs in and concludes the __ phase

Answer 9

luteal

Question 10

Luteolysis is

Answer 10

the endometrial sloughing which initiates next menstrual cycle

Question 11

What initiates luteolysis?

Answer 11

drop in progesterone

Question 12

2 uterine events during menstrual cycle

Answer 12

1. Proliferative phase

2. Secretory phase

Question 13

Proliferative phase time coincides with __ __

Answer 13

Follicular phase

Question 14

During the proliferative phase, there is an __ in endometrial __ in response to __

Answer 14

Increase in endometrial thickness in response to estradiol

Question 15

Endometrial cells divide by __

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

The secretory phase coincides with __ __

Answer 16

luteal phase

Question 17

During the secretory phase, there are endometrial changes in response to __

Answer 17

progesterone

Question 18

In the secretory phase, what are the endometrial changes in response to progesterone?

Answer 18

1. increased thickness

2. Acquisition of secretory capacity

Question 19

3 hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycle

Answer 19

1. Dramatic changes in estradiol and progesterone
2. High estradiol
3. High progesterone

Question 20

Dramatic changes in estradiol and progesterone during menstrual cycle have __ __ on behavior

Answer 20

physiological effects on behavior

Question 21

What is the behavioral effect of high estradiol?

Answer 21

high self-esteem
desire for intimacy
increased cognition

Question 22

Why do these effects of high estradiol happen?

Answer 22

increase in synaptic junctions in hippocampus

Question 23

What are the behavioral effects of high progesterone?

Answer 23

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Question 24

What are the hormonal symptoms ofmenstrual cycle?

Answer 24

anxiety or tension
depression
irritability
changes in appetite

Question 25

What are the physical symptoms of menstrual cycle?

Answer 25

muscle spasms/cramps
nausea
dizziness

Question 26

Amenorrhea

Answer 26

absence of menses in reproductive age

Question 27

primary causes of amenorrhea

Answer 27

1. nutritional status or lack of body fat
2. over nutrition or obesity
3. lactation

Question 28

How does lactation cause amenorrhea

Answer 28

1. acts as birth control

2. cultural differences in effectiveness