Human Reproduction terms Flashcards
Testes
Male gonads
Scrotum
External sac that contains the testes
Sperm duct
Tube that carries sperm from the testes to the Urethra.
Penis
The male reproductive organ that removes urine from the body and that can deliver sperm to the female reproductive system
Urethra
Tube that carries from the bladder to the outside of the body
Prostate gland
A gland in males that contribute to the seminal fluid
Seminal vesicles
Glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move
Ovaries
a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced
Uterus
Female organ in reproduction used to house the developing fetus.
Vagina
Birth Canal
Cervix
The opening to the Uterus
Oviduct (fallopian tube)
Wher fertilization occurs; after ovulation, the egg moves through the oviduct to the uterus
Estrogen
A sex hormone, secreted in greater accounts by females than by males which controls ovulation
Testosterone
A male sex hormone produced by the testes
Meiosis
Cell division that results in four daughter cells (gametes) each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell for sexual reproduction
Embryo
The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Zygote
Fertilized egg
Foetus
Unborn baby; usually around 8 weeks from conception
Placenta
A flattened circular organ in the uterus of pregnant women, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord
Gametes
Sex cells
Phenotype
The physical expression of a trait due to genotype
Genotype
An orgainism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell.
Mitosis
Cell division in body cells resulting in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Menstrual cycle
Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to recieve a fertilized egg.
Ovulation
The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month
Umbilical cord
A tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and the placenta
Amniotic fluid
Fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus
Sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes
Dominant allele
an allele that is always expressesed when it is present
Recessive allele
An allele that is only expressed where there is no dominant allele of the gene present (e.g t or g)
Homozygous
An orgainism that has two identical alleles for a trait (e.g AA or aa)
Heterozygous
An orgainism that has two different alleles for a trait (e.g Bb or bB)
Phenotype
The physical appearance of a characteristic (e.g. right handed or lefthanded)
