Human Reproduction Flashcards
Define sexual reproduction
A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
Define asexual reproduction
A reproductive process that involves onl;y one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
Similarities between sexual and asexual reproduction
A new orgainism is created
Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
the product of asexual reproduction is a duplicate of the original whilst the product of sexual reproduction is a mixture of its parents.
What is a somatic cell?
A cell in the human body (excluding gametes)
What is a Gamete?
A sex cell made for reproduction.The cell only contains one set of chromosomes
Explain the difference between somatic cells and gametes.
Gametes are used for sexual reproduction and have one set of chromosomes while somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes.
What is Meiosis?
Cell division that creates gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
occurs in the testes and ovaries
Why is Meiosis important?
It makes Gametes for reproduction. Without it, sexual reproduction wouldn’t exist.
What is Mitosis?
Cell division in body cells resulting in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It occurs is Somatic cells.
Why is Mitosis important?
It copys cells for growth and repair. Without it, if we wouldn’t be able to grow or get better if we got injured.
What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis?
Meiosis is the process of making Gametes for a new orgainism. Mitosis is the process of repairing the original orgainism.
How is sperm made?
Sperm can be made on demand in the testesusing meiosis.
How are eggs made?
Females do not make their eggs they are born with all their eggs.
How is the sex of an offspring is genetically determined?
It is dependant on the sex chromosome that the sperm carries to the egg.
What is a menstrual cycle?
A cycle a female normally between the ages of twelve and 40 undergoes once a month in their reproductive system. It repeats the same process of shedding uterus lining every time.
What controls a menstrual cycle?
Hormones in the brain and the uterus
What is menstruation?
The uterus lining breaking down (period)
What does a hormone released from the brain do?
It causes an egg follicle inside the ovary to grow.
What hormone is released causing the egg follicle to grow and what does it do?
Leutinizing hormone causes ovulation
What is ovulation?
A stage in the menstrual cycle where an egg is released from the ovaries.
What is fertilisation? Where does it occur?
Fertilisation occurs Inside the female. When the sperm enters the egg. It starts the process of transformation into a zygote.
What is menopause?
When the female’s brain stops producing hormones telling her to ovulate.
What happens on day 4?
The lining of the uterus beguins to thickien again.
What happens on day 9?
An egg is released (ovulation)
What happens on day 14?
the lining stays thick
what happens on day 23?
The lining of the uterus breaks down
How does sperm get from the testes to the egg?
What are the stages of Birth?
1- The Cervix releases, causing it to dilate and
thing out
2- Uterine contractions increase in strenth and
the infiant is delivered
3- The placenta is detactched from the uterus
and is expelled, following the baby.
what are the functions of the placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid?
It allows the mother to feed the baby nutrients and pass along oxygen so the baby can grow healthy.It also transports the babys waste, and carbon dioxide out of the amniotic sack
what substances pass through from (A) mother to baby and (B) baby to mother
A- Oxygen, Nutrients, Blood
B- Waster products, carbon dioxide
What is sex? (genetics)
The biologiocal sex characteristics of an individual
What detrirmines the sex of the baby?
The Sperm
what is a sexually transmitted infection?
a disease that is passed on by sexual content
What are contraceptives?
Devices designed to prevent pregnancy
