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Human Reproduction - Powerpoint full Flashcards

1
Q

What is puberty?

A

The stage when the body becomes sexually mature and starts changing physically and emotionally.

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2
Q

At what age does puberty start in girls?

A

Between 7 and 13 years.

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3
Q

At what age does puberty start in boys?

A

Between 9 and 15 years.

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4
Q

What gland starts puberty and what does it release?

A

The pituitary gland releases hormones.

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5
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemicals that act like messengers and tell the body to change.

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6
Q

Name 3 physical changes both boys and girls experience.

A
  • Growth spurts
  • more body hair
  • voice deepens
  • body odour
  • oily skin
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7
Q

What is menstruation?

A

The monthly release of blood from the vagina when a girl starts producing eggs

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8
Q

What happens to boys’ voices during puberty?

A

Their voices “break” and become deeper.

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9
Q

What is semen?

A

A liquid that contains sperm and is released from the penis during ejaculation.

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10
Q

What emotional changes happen during puberty?

A

Mood swings, embarrassment, desire for independence, possible conflict with parents.

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11
Q

What are the main male reproductive organs?

A

Penis and Testes

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the testes?

A

To make sperm cells

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13
Q

What happens to the penis during sexual arousal?

A

It becomes erect (hard) as it fills with blood

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14
Q

Where is semen ejaculated during sexual intercourse?

A

Into the vagina

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15
Q

What does semen contain?

A

Sperm cells

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16
Q

What are the female reproductive organs?

A

Vagina, Uterus, Ovaries

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17
Q

Where does the baby grow during pregnancy?

A

In the uterus

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18
Q

What is the job of the ovaries?

A

To release eggs for fertilization

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19
Q

What is the meaning of ‘genitals’?

A

A word used for both male and female reproductive organs

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20
Q

Where are most male reproductive organs located?

A

Outside the body (external)

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21
Q

What is menstruation?

A

When a girl gets her period as part of the reproductive cycle.

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22
Q

Name 3 products girls can use during their period.

A

Pads, tampons, menstrual cups, period panties

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23
Q

What is the vulva?

A

The external part of the female reproductive system that protects the internal organs.

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24
Q

What are the main internal female reproductive organs?

A

Vagina, uterus, ovaries

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25
What does the uterus do each month?
It builds a blood-rich lining to prepare for pregnancy.
26
What connects the ovaries to the uterus?
Fallopian tubes
27
What is fertilisation?
When a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube.
28
What is the vagina used for?
Birth canal, menstrual flow exit, and sexual intercourse
29
What are the male reproductive organs?
Penis and testes
30
What is the job of the testes?
To produce sperm
31
What part of the penis fills with blood to become erect?
The shaft
32
What is the glans?
The tip of the penis
33
What is sperm?
The male sex cell
34
What is ova?
The female sex cell (egg)
35
Where does fertilisation usually happen?
In the fallopian tube
36
Where are most female reproductive organs located?
Internally (inside the body)
37
What is the vulva?
The external part of the female reproductive system that protects the internal organs.
38
What is the function of the vulva?
To protect the internal organs and help sperm enter the body.
39
Name 3 main internal female reproductive organs.
Vagina, uterus, ovaries
40
What is the vagina?
A canal that connects the uterus to the outside; it’s also the birth canal.
41
What exits through the vagina?
Menstrual blood or discharge
42
What enters the vagina during sexual intercourse?
The penis
43
What is the uterus?
A hollow organ where a baby can grow and a blood-rich lining builds up each month.
44
What are the two parts of the uterus?
The cervix and the ovaries
45
What is the cervix?
The opening to the uterus that lets sperm enter
46
What do the ovaries do?
They create and release eggs (ova)
47
What connects the ovaries to the uterus?
The fallopian tubes
48
Where does fertilisation happen?
In the fallopian tubes
49
What is fertilisation?
When a sperm fuses with an egg (ova)
50
What is semen?
Fluid that contains sperm, released during sexual intercourse
51
What happens after fertilisation?
The fertilised egg moves to the uterus to grow into a baby
52
What is fertilisation?
When a sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote.
53
What is formed when sperm and egg fuse?
A zygote.
54
Where does the zygote travel after fertilisation?
To the uterus through the fallopian tube.
55
What happens when the zygote reaches the uterus?
It implants into the uterine lining.
56
What does the zygote become?
Embryo → Foetus → Baby.
57
How long does pregnancy last?
40 weeks or 9 months.
58
What is the pregnancy period called?
Gestation period.
59
How long does an egg live after being released?
24 hours.
60
What happens if the egg is not fertilised?
It dies and leaves the body during menstruation.
61
What is menstruation?
The shedding of the uterine lining when fertilisation doesn’t happen.
62
How long is a menstrual cycle?
28 days.
63
On which day does ovulation usually occur?
Day 14.
64
Why is it important to track your period?
To know your cycle, see irregularities, plan ahead, and feel confident.
65
Name one app to track periods.
Flo (or Apple Health, Samsung Health, Period Calendar, Eve Tracker).
66
What is the safest choice for young people right now when it comes to sex?
Abstinence – not having sex.
67
Why is abstinence a good choice for now?
Protects from emotional pain, pregnancy, school disruption, and financial stress.
68
What is contraception?
Methods used to prevent pregnancy and/or STIs.
69
Name the two main types of contraceptives.
Physical and hormonal.
70
What do physical contraceptives do?
Block sperm from reaching the egg.
71
Name two physical contraceptive devices.
Condoms (male/female) and copper IUD.
72
What is the purpose of the copper IUD?
Stops sperm from reaching/fusing with the egg. Prevents pregnancy, not STIs.
73
How do hormonal contraceptives work?
Stop the egg from developing or being released.
74
Name three hormonal contraceptives.
The Pill, Hormonal Implant, Hormonal IUD.
75
What does the Pill contain and what does it do?
Oestrogen. Stops the egg from developing.
76
What are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections spread through sexual contact.
77
What are some effects of STIs?
Genital warts, pus, cancer, infant blindness.
78
What is HIV?
A virus that attacks the immune system.
79
How is HIV spread?
Unprotected sex, sharing needles, infected blood, mother to child at birth.
80
Is there a cure for HIV?
No, but it can be managed with ARVs and healthy habits.

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