Human Reproduction (Female) Flashcards
Constituents of female
reproductive system
Job of these structures
It consists of a pair of ovaries along with a pair of oviducts uterus cervix vagina and the external genitalia located in the pelvic region
These parts of the system along with a pair of mammary glands are integrated structurally and functionally to support the process of ovulation fertilisation pregnancy birth and child care
What are ovaries what is their function
Ovaries are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones (ovarian hormones)
Location of the Ovary
The ovaries are located on each side of the lower abdomen
Size and connections of the Ovary
Each Ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length and is connected to the pelvic wall and uterus through ligaments
Covering of the Ovary
Divisions
Each Ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the ovarian stroma
The stroma is divided into two zones a peripheral cortex and an inner medulla
Function of the pubic symphysis
Helps to separate pelvic bones for vaginal childbirth
What are the female accessory ducts
The oviducts (fallopian tubes) uterus and vagina constitute the female accessory ducts
Fallopian tubes size and extensions
Each fallopian tubes is about 10 to 12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each Ovary to the uterus
What is the infundibulum
The part closer to the Ovary is the funnel shaped infundibulum
What is fimbriae what is its function
The edges of the infundibulum posses finger like Projections called fimbriae which help in the collection of ovum after ovulation
What is the ampulla
The infundibulum leads to a wider part of the oviduct called ampulla
What is isthmus
The last part of the oviduct is the isthmus which has a narrow lumen and joins the uterus
Another name for the uterus
The uterus is single and is also called the womb
What is the uterus shaped like
Shape of the uterus is like an inverted pear
Wididity of the fallopian tube
The ampulla isthmus and infundibulum
What supports the uterus
It is supported by ligaments attached to the pelvic wall
How does the uterus open into the vagina
The uterus opens into the vagina through a narrow cervix
What is cervical canal and birth canal
The cavity of the cervix is called the cervical canal which along with the vagina forms the birth canal
What are the layers of the uterine wall and their nature
The wall of the uterus has 3 layers of tissue
The external thin membranous perimetrium middle thick layer of smooth muscle myometrium and inner glandular layer called endometrium that lines The uterine cavity
Function of endometrium and myometrium
The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes during menstrual cycle while the myometrium exhibits strong contraction during the delivery of the baby
Constituents of the female external genitalia
The female external genitalia include the mons pubis, labia majora , labia minora, hymen and clitoris
What is mons pubis
Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair
What is labia majora
The labia majora are fleshy folds of tissue which extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening
What is the labia minora
The labia minora are paired folds of tissue under the labia majora
What is the hymen
The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen
Whats the clitoris
The clitoris is a tiny finger like stricture which lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening
What happens to the hymen after coitus
The hymen is often torn during the first coitus (intercourse)
Is the presence or absence of the hymen an indicator of sex
The presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience
How many mammary lobes
How many ducts
15-20 both
Common female mammal characteristic
A functional mammary glands is a characteristic of all female mammals
What are mammary glands andbthir constituents
The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) that contain glandular tissue and variable amount of fat
How many mammary lobes and where in detail
The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes containing cluster of cells called alveoli
What secrets milk where is it stored
The cells of the alveoli secrete milk which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of alveoli
What is a mammary tubule
What forms a mammary duct
The alveoli open into mammary tubules
The tubules of each lobe join to form a mammary duct
Mammary ampulla and lactiferous duct
Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla which is connected to lactiferous ducts through which milk is sucked out
