Human Reproduction And Genetics Flashcards
The Fallopian tubes
Carry the egg to the uterus, fertilisation occurs here
Ovaries
Store and release eggs
The uterus
Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment
The cervix
Leads from the vagina to the uterus
The vagina
Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse forms the birth canal during childbirth
Gametes
Sex cell
The male gamete
Is sperm
The female gemete is
The egg
Ovulation
An egg is released from the ovary on average of every 28 days
Testes
Produce sperm
The sperm duct
Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis
The glands and vesicles
Produces seminal which mixes with sperm to form semen (allows sperm to swim)
The penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Puberty
Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (normally happens between the ages of 10 and 15
Puberty in males
Sex hormones are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm
Puberty in females
When the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) Are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grown on the body
Copulation
Is another name for sexual intercourse
Implantation
Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus
Zygote
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell
Embryo
Division of the zygote occurs and it grows. Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)
Foetus
After 8 weeks looks like a human
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
Amniotic fluid
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo this bursts during delivery of the baby “waters breaking”
Umbilical cord
Joins the embryo to the placenta
The placenta
Is rich in blood vessels it is here that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood
Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers
Birth
Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract. The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first. The umbilical cord is cut and the (placenta after birth)
Labour
Muscles of the uterus contract
Family planning
To control the number of children you have, you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes places
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period.
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevents the sperm and egg meeting
Eg condom which prevents the sperm entering the vagina
Eg contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation.
Abstain
No method is 100% reliable. To abstain (not to have sexual intercourse) is the only way to avoid pregnancy.
Condom
Can prevent pregnancy and prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) or sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)
