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Biology > Human Reproduction And Genetics⚖ > Flashcards

Human Reproduction And Genetics⚖ Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Fallopian tube?

A

The fallopian tubes carry the egg to the uterus fertilisation occurs here.

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1
Q

Ovaries?

A

Strore and release eggs

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2
Q

Uterus (womb).

A

The uterus (womb) is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment.

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3
Q

The cervix?

A

The cervix leads from the vagina to the uterus

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4
Q

The vagina?

A

The vagina holds the male penis during sexual intercourse, forms the birth canal during childbirth.

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5
Q

Gamete?

A

Gemete is a sex cell

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6
Q

Male gemete?

A

Sperm

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7
Q

Female gamete ?

A

Egg/ovum

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8
Q

Ovulation?

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days.

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9
Q

Fertile period?

A

The days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant. (Sperm can live in the female for a few days)

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10
Q

Testis?

A

Testes produce sperm

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11
Q

Sperm duct?

A

The sperm duct brings the sperm from the testes to the penis.

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12
Q

Glands and vesicles?

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen ( allows sperm to swim)

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13
Q

Penis?

A

The penis enters the female and ejaculates semen.

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14
Q

Puberty?

A

Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (normally happens between the ages of 10 and 15)

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15
Q

Puberty in males?

A

Puberty in males, sex hormones (testoserone) are released causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms. The testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.

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16
Q

Female puberty?

A

Puberty in females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progestrone) are released, the breasts develop, hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body.

17
Q

Copulation?

A

Another name for sexual intercourse

18
Q

Implantation?

A

Occurs when the fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus.

19
Q

Zygote

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell

20
Q

Embryo?

A

Division of the zygote occurs and it grows. Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)

21
Q

Foetus?

A

After 8 weeks looks like a human

22
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of human pregnancy is 40 weeks

23
Q

Amniotic fluid

A

This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo. The amniotic fluid burst during the delivery of the baby “waters breaking”

24
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta.

25
Q

Placenta

A

The placenta is rich in blood vessels, it is here that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood, also waste such carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers.

26
Q

Birth?

A

Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract. The bag of amniotic fluid bursts “ waters breaking” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first. The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after.

27
Q

Labour?

A

The muscles of the uterus start to contract.

28
Q

Family planning

A

To control the number of children you have, you need to control the number of times fertilisation takes place.

29
Q

Natural methods of contraception

A

Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period.

30
Q

Artificial methods of contraception

A

E.g. Condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina.

E.g. Contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation.

31
Q

Abstain?

A

Its important to realise no method is 100% reliable, to abstain (to not have sexual intercourse from sex) is the only way to avoid pregnancy.

32
Q

Comdom?

A

Condoms can prevent pregnancy and they can also prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases ( STD’s) and infections (STI’s)

33
Q

Genetics

A

Is the study of the inheritance of characteristics.

34
Q

Inherited characteristics include:

A

Type of ear lobe, eye colour, shape of nose ect.

35
Q

Non-inherited characteristics

A

Have been gained during a persons lifetime e.g. Ability to ride a bicycle, fitness and the ability to speak french ect.

36
Q

Chromosomes

A

Are thread like structures found in the nucleus of a cell.

37
Q

Chromosomes are made of :

A

DNA and protein

38
Q

Genes are chemicals …

A

Found on chromosomes that carry information from parents to their children.

39
Q

Genes

A

Are made of DNA and they control inherited characteristics

Biology (11 decks)

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