Human Reproduction Flashcards
What do the testes produce ?
sperm and testosterone
Name the 3 accessory glands that contribute fluids to the sperm to form semen
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
cowper’s gland
Organ that transfers sperm from male into vagina of female
Penis
Function of the bladder
Muscular structure that stores urine
Function of seminal vesicle
Produces seminal fluid with sugars (fructose) which they can break down to get energy for swimming
Function of Prostate gland
Produces fluid which activates sperm
Secretes an alkaline fluid which neutralises the acidity in the vagina; sperm in the vagina then remains active
Function of Cowper’s gland
Protect sperm by neutralising acidity of the urethra
Secretions also act as a pre-ejaculate fluid to clean and lubricate the urethra
Function of Epididymis
Stores sperm and allows them to mature
Function of testis
Produces sperm and sex hormones
Function of Scrotum
A pouch found outside of the body, that protects the testes and maintains lower temperature for sperm production
Function of seminiferous tubules
Contains germinal epithelium that gives rise to sperm
Function of Penis
Transfers semen into vagina of female
Function of urethra
Tube through which urine and semen pass out the body
Function of vas deferens
Propels sperm to urethra by peristalsis
Function of ejaculatory duct
Muscular contractions forces semen through urethra
Explain the role of the hormone Testosterone
Encourages sperm maturation
Develops the male sex organs and maintains secondary characteristics
Causes a boys voice to become deeper during puberty
Enhances muscle development
Promotes development of body and facial hair in males.
Secretes the hormone oestrogen
Ovaries
Muscular structure where the foetus develops
Uterus
Function of Fallopian tube
Transfers ovum to uterus
Place where fertilisation occurs
Function of Uterus
Muscular structure in which the foetus develops and is protected
Function of ovary
Produces ova and sex hormones
Function of cervix
Forms the neck of uterus
Tightly closed to protect interior of uterus
Function of Vagina
Canal where sperm is deposited
Acts as the birth canal
Hormones responsible for secondary characteristics in females
Oestrogen and progesterone
Function of Endometrium
Mucous membrane lining filled with small blood vessels, which assists in the implantation of the embryo
Function of cilia
Ciliary movements assists in moving the ovum towards the uterus
Function of ciliated funnel
Traps ovum
Function of Ligament
Holds ovary in position
The process of gamete formation
Gametogenesis
Production of sperm cells
Spermatogenesis
Formation of an ovum
Oogenesis
Describe the ovarian cycle
Involves the development of the follicle, ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum
Describe the uterine cycle
Controls the preparation of the endometrium in the uterus for pregnancy
What is the role of oestrogen
Responsible for secondary characteristics in females during puberty
Repairs and builds up the endometrium
High levels stimulate the secretion of LH
What is the role of progesterone (pregnancy hormone)
Promotes further thickening of the endometrium
Prepares endometrium for implantation of blastula
Hormone that induces labour
Oxytocin
