Human Reproduction

Question 1

sexual reproduction involves the _____ of a male sex cell (_______) and a female sex cell (__________)

Answer 1

fusion, sperm, ovum or egg

Question 2

Sperm’s nucleus location + function

Answer 2

inside head, carries the genetic materials of the male parent

Question 3

ova shape

Answer 3

spherical shape

Question 4

What do ova contain + their functions

Answer 4

Nucleus: carries the genetic materials of the female parent
Cytoplasm: contains food substances

Question 5

How are sperms & ova formed

Answer 5

sperms: Formed from father’s sperm-producing cells
ova: Formed from mother’s ovum-producing cells

Question 6

during sperms’ and ova’s formation, each pair of autosomes and the pair of sex chromosomes _____
–> each sex cell has __ chromosomes

Answer 6

separate, 23

Question 7

female & male sex cell chromosomes

Answer 7

Female: each ovum contains 22 autosomes and one X chromosome
Male: all the sperms contain 22 autosomes. Among all sperms, half contain an X chromosome and half contain a Y chromosome

Question 8

________ (there are _): produce a fluid (_______) which contains _______ for the sperms (Do not produce the sperms)

Answer 8

sex glands, 2, semen, nutrients

Question 9

Sperm duct

Answer 9

carries sperms from the testes to the urethra

Question 10

Testis (there are 2)

Answer 10

produces sperms and sex hormones

Question 11

a bag of skin which holds the testis

Answer 11

scrotum

Question 12

Uthera

Answer 12

carries semen and urine out of the body

Question 13

Penis (no muscles & bone)

Answer 13

ejects semen to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse

Question 14

Ejaculation

Answer 14

release of the sperm cells

Question 15

The _____ flows through the ______ to the tip of the penis, and release out of the body

Answer 15

semen, urethra

Question 16

Oviduct

Answer 16

carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

Question 17

produces ova and sex hormones

Answer 17

Ovary

Question 18

Why might a person have twins?

Answer 18

It is because two ovaries take turn to produce an ovum. If they accidentally produce two at the same time, then the person might have twins

Question 19

Ovulation

Answer 19

release of a ovum into the oviduct every month

Question 20

Vagina

Answer 20

recieves the penis during sexual intercourse; a baby passes through here at birth

Question 20

Uterus (opens to the vagina)

Answer 20

the place where a foetus grows and develops before its birth

Question 21

erect penis

Answer 21

hard, upright due to the blood flowing into the penis

Question 22

the swim of sperms

Answer 22

sperms swim through uterus and enter the oviduct

Question 23

Fertilization

Answer 23

Fusion of the sperm and the ovum

Question 24

After fertilization a _______ (________ egg) is formed
–> takes place in the _____

Answer 24

zygote, fertilized, oviduct

Question 25

a zygote has __ chromosomes

Answer 25

46

Question 26

embryo

Answer 26

a bag of cells that the zygote divides and develops into

Question 27

embryo is moved through the oviduct to the _____

Answer 27

uterus

Question 28

Implantation

Answer 28

the process in which the embryo attaches to the uterine lining

Question 29

amnion

Answer 29

filled with a watery liquid which acts as a cushion to protect the embryo against shock

Question 30

The embryo develops inside a bag called the ______

Answer 30

amnion

Question 31

At the site where the embryo is implanted in the uterine lining, a ______ begins to form

Answer 31

placenta

Question 32

placenta

Answer 32

storage of nutrients & trash can

Question 33

placenta: attached to the embryo by an ___________

Answer 33

umbilical cord

Question 34

The embryo gets __________ from its mother, and gets rid of ____________, the placenta allows this ____________

Answer 34

oxygen and nutrients, carbon dioxide and other wastes, exchange of materials

Question 35

8 weeks after fertilization

Answer 35

The embryo develops into a foetus with all the major organs formed

Question 36

when is the foetus ready to be born

Answer 36

About 38 weeks after fertilization

Question 37

Embryo: 1 week

Answer 37

an embryo is about to implant into the uterine lining

Question 38

Embryo: 5 weeks

Answer 38

heart beats, backbone formed

Question 39

foetus: all major organs formed, arms and legs begin to form

Answer 39

8 weeks

Question 40

Foetus: 12 weeks

Answer 40

head, neck, arms and legs continue to develop and are more clearly seen

Question 41

Foetus: 20 weeks

Answer 41

arms and legs grow well, may begin to suck thumb

Question 42

Foetus: ready to be grown

Answer 42

38 weeks

Question 43

Labour (the _______ process) begins with a sign of pain in the ______

Answer 43

birth-giving, abdomen

Question 44

6 steps of labour

Answer 44

0. Baby change position and head downwards
1. Muscles of the uterus contract strongly
2. Amnion breaks
3. Watery liquid flows out to lubricate (make smooth) the vagina
4. Opening of the uterus becomes wider
5. Baby is pushed out with the head coming out first (pass through vagina)
6. Placenta is expelled (detatched) after the baby is born

Question 45

Timeline: Sexual intercourse -> __________ -> fertilization -> _____________ -> ___________ -> develop embryo -> ______________ -> birth of a baby

Answer 45

Ejaculation, cell division of a zygote, implantation, develop foetus