Cells Flashcards
Cells
The basic unit of living things
2 examples of unicellular organisms & multicellular organisms
unicellular: amoeba & bacteria
multicellular: animals and plants
the human body is made of _______ cells
100 trillion
Different types of cells in the human body have different __________
sizes, shapes and functions
what makes a leaf green?
chloroplasts
which type of cells have no nucleus or chromosomes
red blood cells
Cell membrane function
Controls the movement of substances in & out of the cell
Nucleus function
contains genetic materials which control the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm function
the medium where chemical reactions take place
cell wall function
protects, supports and gives shape to a plant cell
vacuole function
Contains mainly water and stores dissolved minerals
chloroplast function
Site where photosynthesis takes place in order to make food
Which 3 structures only appear in plant cells
cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
determines what features we receive from our parents; contains all instructions needed for the cells to carry out activities so that our bodies can function, grow and reproduce
Every cell contains __ pairs of chromosomes (22 pair of ______, 1 pair of _______)
23, autosomes, sex chromosome
chromosomes: ?
DNA: ?
-> chromosomes: thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins
-> DNA coils up and wraps around the proteins
Sex chromosomes of male & female
Female: XX
Male: XY
Chromosomal disorder
A baby born with additional or missing chromosomes
Cells can undergo _______ to form new cells
cell division
During cell division, the cell divides into two ___________
daughter cells
Living things can grow by increasing the ___________ of cells by cell division
size and number
Cells become _________ to perform a particular _________
specialized, function
list two functions of cells
movement, carrying oxygen
stem cells __________ into different types of cells
differentiate
_____________ determines become [ ] cell
DNA & genetic information
There is a variety of _________ of cells —> closely related to its ________
shapes and sizes, function
cell differentiation
The process of cells becoming specialized
nerve cells
long & have many branches
carry messages throughout the body
skin cells
flat & close together
protective layer for the body
fat cells
store so much fat that the nucleus is pushed to the cell membrane
large store of fat helps the body keep warm
leaf cells
contain many chloroplasts for the plant to carry out photosynthesis
transporting cells
a plant cell
long & tube shaped
transport water, nutrients and minerals throughout the plant
root hair cells
A type of plant cell
increase the surface area of the root in contact with the soil, so that more water and minerals can be absorbed
Multicellular organisms are _________
highly organized
Different types of __________ must perform their ____________ and work together at the same time
specialized cells, individual functions
Organ
a group of different tissues
a group of similar cells
tissue
functions of muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and bone tissue
muscle tissue: for movement
nerve tissue: for carrying messages in the body
bone tissue: for support
System
a group of organs that work together
functions of vascular tissue and epidermal tissue
Vascular tissue: for transporting water, nutrients, minerals
epidermal tissue: for protection
List two plant tissue
vascular tissue, epidermal tissue
four organs of plants
flower, leaf, stem, root
Systems in a human body
digestive system
Breathing system
Reproductive system
Nervous system
Circulatory system
