Human reproduction Flashcards
what is the composition of semen?
sperm from testicles, fluid from seminal vesicles, fluid from prostate gland, fluid from cowpers gland
Function of the seminiferous tubules
site of sperm production
function of the interstitial cells
located in the testes, produce testosterone and androsterone
function of the epididymis
coiled tube attached to tested that stores mature sperm cells
function of the vas deferens
tube which sperm leave, leading to the urethra
function of the prostate gland
produced an alkaline buffer which protects the sperm from the acidity of the vagina
function of the seminal vesicles
secrete a fluid rich in fructose that gives the sperm energy to swim
function of the cowper’s gland
secretes a pre-ejaculatory fluid which aids the movement of sperm and protects them from acid in the urethra
function of the urethra
passageway for urine and semen
function of the penis
sexually reproduce and urinate
function of the Ovaries
house eggs and produce estrogen and progesterone
function of the follicle
structures within the ovaries that contain immature egg cells and granuloa cells
function of the corpus luteum
secreted hormones essential for pregnancy
function of the oviducts
passageways from the ovaries to the uterus
function of the uterus
(aka womb) compose of two major tissues: Myometrium, the outer-lining and the Endometrium the inner lining houses baby well pregnant
function of endometrium
inner lining of uterus that provides nourishment for embryo. If pregnancy does not occur the endometrium is shed.
function of the cervix
muscular band separating uterus and vagina and helps hold fetus in place
function of the vagina
connects the uterus to the outside environment, location of sexual intercourse and serves as the birth canal.
functions of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (male and female)
stimulates production of sperm cells in the for males and causes follicles within the ovary to mature and produce estrogen for females
function of Luteinizing hormone (male and female)
causes development of the corpus luteum which will produce estrogen for and progesterone in females. It promotes production of testosterone by the interstitial cells in the testes
function of Estrogen
stimulates female secondary sex characteristics and stimulates the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy
function of progesterone
develop the uterus for pregnancy
function of HCG
hormone secreted during pregnancy by the placenta which stimulates production of progesterone by ovaries
function of prolactin
stimulates lactation
function of Oxytocin
increased contractions of uterus during labour and stimulates production of milk. released by the pituitary gland
function of testosterone
stimulates spermatogenisis and is also important in the development of secondary sex characteristics
what is hfirst stage of the menstrual cycle and it’s function?
Follicle stage: hypothalamus releases GnRH stimulating the pituitary to release FSH and stimulate follicles. the follicles mature and produce estrogen estrogen stimulates the endometrium to develop. High levels of estrogen inhibits release of FSH and promotes release of LH
what is the second stage of the menstrual cycle and it’s function
Ovulation: Lh causes follicle to rupture releasing the egg
what is the third stage of the menstrual cycle and it’s function?
Corpus Lutuel stage: LH causes the ruptured follicle to develop into the corpus luteum
-The CL releases estrogen to maintain the endometrium and progesterone which prevents uterine contractions
what is the fourth and final stage of the menstrual cycle?
Menstruation, Flow phase: -If fertilization does not occur, LH levels drop, the CL breaks down, progesterone and estrogen levels fall
-Because of low levels of progesterone, uterine contractions are initiated and the endometrium, the egg, blood and tissue leave via the vagina
-FSH levels begin to rise
what are the events that occur during the birthing process.
Uterine contractions, which are stimulated by the hormone oxytocin, begin labor and the cervix begins to dilate. The amniotic membrane enters the birth canal and usually ruptures. This breaking of the water lubricates the birth canal. Relaxin, a hormone produced by the placenta, helps loosen ligaments within the pelvis allowing for easier exit from the body.
what is the difference between sterility and impotence
Sterility: Cannot produce viable sex cells
Impotence: Cannot gain or maintain an erection
function of the placenta
temporary organ that forms in uterus during pregnancy. It feeds the baby and filters the waste
what is in-vitro Fertilization
joining of woman’s egg and a man’s sperm in a laboratory
What does birth control do
Contains high levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibiting ovulation. This will prevent the release of an egg. The estrogen maintains the endometrium menstruation does not occur and progesterone prevents uterine contractions.
