Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 112 > exam 💀 > Flashcards

exam 💀 Flashcards

pass 😭

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Responsible for the management of glands and hormones that is released into the bloodstream and maintaining homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of a steroid hormone?

A

Binds with receptor molecules and travels to the DNA causing a substance to be produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of a protein hormone?

A

bind with the cell membranes and initiate a reaction which results in a substance being produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pituitary gland and it’s function?

A

The “master gland” responsible for control over glands in the body. Attached to the hypothalamus made up of anterior and posterior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an Axon?

A

portion of a nerve cell (neuron) that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

the finger-like cells present on the end of a neuron. They receive information and conduct nerve impulses towards the body contains a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Myelin sheathe?

A

layer of fatty protein covering the axon which serves as insulation for charged ions across cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Neurilemma?

A

Membrane found on the nerves of the PNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the impulse sequence?

A

Dendrites —> Axon —> Axonal end —> Cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the all or none response?

A

states that a nerve either responds fully or not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What a threshold level?

A

The minimum amount of stimulus required to initiate a response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

functions of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (male and female)

A

stimulates production of sperm cells in the for males and causes follicles within the ovary to mature and produce estrogen for females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of Luteinizing hormone (male and female)

A

causes development of the corpus luteum which will produce estrogen for and progesterone in females. It promotes production of testosterone by the interstitial cells in the testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of Estrogen

A

stimulates female secondary sex characteristics and stimulates the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of progesterone

A

develop the uterus for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of Oxytocin

A

increased contractions of uterus during labour and stimulates production of milk. released by the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of testosterone

A

stimulates spermatogenisis and is also important in the development of secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Insulin and it’s function?

A

a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans, which regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Glucagon and it’s function?

A

hormone formed in the pancreas which promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is thyroxine and it’s function?

A

main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It helps control metabolism, heart and muscle function, brain development, and maintenance of bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) and it’s function?

A

hormone that tells your thyroid how much thyroid hormone it needs to make.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and it’s function?

A

hormone that stimulates your adrenal glands to release cortisol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is adrenaline and its function?

A

a hormone your adrenal glands make to help you prepare for stressful or dangerous situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Insulin shock?

A
  • too much insulin leads to lethally low blood sugar. (true emergency)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a Diabetic coma?

A

too little insulin causes blood sugar levels to go high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

sensory receptor-sensory neuron-interneuron-motor neuron- effector

27
Q

what is the Central nervous system? (CNS)

A

Brain & Spinal Cord - Process stimulus

28
Q

What is the Peripheral nervous system? (PNS)

A

It can Sense environmental stimulus and consists of everything BUT the brain and spinal cord

29
Q

What does the Frontal lobe control?

A

Reasoning, Speech, emotion

30
Q

what does the of parietal lobe control?

A

Orientation, recognition, perception to stimuli.

31
Q

What does the Occipital lobe control?

A

visual processing (eyes)

32
Q

What does the Temporal lobe control?

A

Auditory stimuli, memory

33
Q

What does the Medulla control?

A

breathing, balance, digestion

34
Q

What is Ovulation?

A

the process of the ovaries releasing the egg as a result of peaking LH levels, leaving behind the corpus luteum

35
Q

What is Gestation

A

the period in which the mother holds on to the baby, in humans it’s 9 months (conception -> birth)

36
Q

What is menstration?

A

the process of shedding the uterine lining to eject an unfertilized egg from the vagina

37
Q

What is fertilization?

A

process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell beginning the growth for a baby.

38
Q

What is implantation?

A

process where egg cell attaches to the uterine wall (if not it is an ectopic pregnancy)

39
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A

helps exchange materials from mother and baby.

40
Q

What is the function of the amniotic sac?

A

is the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the developing fetus and protects it from infection, dehydration, impact and temperature change.

41
Q

What is Haploid number?

A

(n) - in humans the haploid number in a single spermor egg cells is 23.

42
Q

What is the Diploid number?

A

(2n) - in humans the diploid number in a cell is 46 (half is paternal and half is maternal)

43
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

44
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic constitution of an individual organism.

45
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The process of asexual reproduction undergone by regular human cells that produce identical cells

46
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process in which gametes (sperm & egg cells) are made which produces genetically different offspring cells

47
Q

What is transcription?

A
  • is when DNA is transcribed into a message (in the nucleus). An enzyme called RNA polymerase binds complementary RNA bases to DNA (CGAU). These bases are bonded together to form mRNA (messenger) consists of a “message” that is based of the DNA
48
Q

What is translation

A
  • mRNA is sent outside the nucleus and into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Ribosomes are made of rRNA (ribosomal) and proceeds to build a chain of amino acids (refer to codon chart). tRNA (transfer) located outside the nucleus carry an amino acid that build a protein. mRNA determines which tRNA and amino acid is transferred, through complementary bases (CGAU).
49
Q

What is nerve transmission?

A

Transmission of a signal between neurons is generally carried by a chemical called a neurotransmitter.

50
Q

What is Amenocentesis?

A

procedure performed on pre-natal infants to determine any genetic abnormalities

51
Q

What is chronic villi sampling?

A

another pre-natal procedure that determines any genetic abnormalities, involves sampling the placental tissue (chorionic villus),

52
Q

What is an ultrasound?

A

A type of imaging technique which uses high-frequency sound waves to produce an image.

53
Q

What is tubal ligation?

A

the oviducts are cut, cauterized or ties to prevent sperm from reaching egg.

54
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

the vas deferens are severed to prevent semen to reaching the urethra

55
Q

What is the sequence of Mitosis?

A

G1 (Growth) -> S(DNA Synthesis) -> G2 (Preparation for mitosis) -> M (Mitosis) (PMAT-C)

56
Q

What are the bases of DNA?

A

the bases are Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Thymine,

57
Q

What are the bases of RNA?

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil (Thymine).

58
Q

What is down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21, extra 21$ chromosome.

59
Q

What is Edwards syndrome?

A
  • Trisomy 18, extra 18th chromosome.
60
Q

What is Turner’s syndrome?

A

Fertile female, missing chromosome on 23rd pair.

61
Q

What is a mutation?

A

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.

62
Q

What is crossing over?

A

homologous pairs exchange genetic information.

63
Q

What is random assortment?

A

the process that occurs during meiosis where chromosomes will independently separate from each other, creating genetic variation.

Biology 112 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions