Human Reproduction

Question 1

Penis

Answer 1

External male reproductive organ used in sexual intercourse.

Question 2

Urethra

Answer 2

Tube which carries semen (and urine) out of the body.

Question 3

Testes

Answer 3

Organ where sperm is produced.

Question 4

Epididymis

Answer 4

Stores sperm

Question 5

Vas deferens / sperm duct

Answer 5

Tube which carries sperm from the testis/epididymis.

Question 6

Prostate gland

Answer 6

Gland which produces fluid which is mixed with sperm and seminal fluid to produce semen.

Question 7

Seminal vesicles

Answer 7

Produces seminal fluid, also mixed with sperm and prostate fluid to produce semen.

Question 8

Vagina

Answer 8

Female external reproductive organ used in sexual intercourse; the birth canal

Question 9

Cervix

Answer 9

Narrow opening between the vagina and uterus

Question 10

Uterus

Answer 10

Chamber where the fetus develops

Question 11

Endometrium

Answer 11

Inner lining of uterus

Question 12

Fallopian tube / oviduct

Answer 12

Tube which carries the ova from the ovary towards the uterus

Question 13

Ovary

Answer 13

Organ where ova are developed and stored; produces hormones

Question 14

Copulation

Answer 14

This is more commonly known as sexual intercourse

Question 15

Fertilisation

Answer 15

The fusion of a sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

Sex cells (i.e. ovum or sperm)

Question 17

Implantation

Answer 17

The embryo attaches to the uterine wall, where it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream

Question 18

Placenta

Answer 18

A structure that allows an embryo/fetus to exchange nutrients and waste with the mother

Question 19

Umbilical cord

Answer 19

The structure that attaches the fetus to the placenta

Question 20

Amniotic sac / fluid

Answer 20

protects the fetus in the uterus

Question 21

C-section

Answer 21

An incision is made through the abdomen and uterus to deliver the baby

Question 22

Menstrual cycle

Answer 22

regular sequence of events in which an egg develops and is released from the body

Question 23

Condom

Answer 23

contraceptive device consisting of a thin rubber/latex/animal sheath worn over the penis during intercourse

Question 24

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Answer 24

small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy (can be hormonal or made of copper)

Question 25

Spermicide

Answer 25

chemical that kills sperm that is applied inside the vagina before intercourse (can be a foam, gel, suppository, cream)

Question 26

Vasectomy

Answer 26

male sterilisation where the vas deferens is cut to prevent the release of sperm into semen

Question 27

Tubal ligation

Answer 27

female sterilisation that blocks the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

Question 28

Birth control pill

Answer 28

A hormonal pill taken orally to prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation, thinning the endometrium or thickening the cervical mucus

Question 29

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 29

Stimulates the growth of development of follicles in the ovaries, which contain immature eggs FSH is released by pituitary gland in the brain at the beginning of the menstrual cycle

Question 30

Leutinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 30

Surge in LH causes the mature follicle to rupture and release the egg from the ovary This process is known as ovulation (Typically occurs around day 14 of menstrual cycle)

Question 31

Estrogen

Answer 31

thickens the lining of the uterus (endometrium) and triggers a surge in LH from the pituitary gland

Question 32

Progesterone

Answer 32

Prepares the uterus for pregnancy by further thickening the endometrium and making it more receptive to a fertilised egg

Question 33

List the advantages of oral contraceptives

Answer 33

1. Lessens the pain of muscle cramps 2. Keeps acne under control 3. Protects against certain cancers 4. Does not interrupt sex

Question 34

List the disadvantages of oral contraceptives.

Answer 34

1. increased risk of blood clots 2. Sore breasts, nausea, headaches

Question 35

List the advantages of condoms

Answer 35

1. They are the most effective protection available against STIs 2. They are less expensive than hormonal methods of birth control 3. They are widely available without a prescription

Question 36

List the disadvantages of condoms

Answer 36

1. May break or leak 2. May interrupt sex 3. Failure rates are higher than most methods of other contraceptives

Question 37

List the advantages of male and female sterilisation

Answer 37

1. 99% effective at preventing pregnancy 2. No longer have to use birth control again 3. Doesn't change your hormones

Question 38

List the disadvantages of male and female sterilisation.

Answer 38

1. Does not protect against STIs 2. Cannot be easily reversed 3. Can cause health issues

Question 39

List the advantages of the coil/IUD

Answer 39

1. Protects against pregnancy for 5-10 years 2. There are no hormonal side effects

Question 40

List the disadvantages of the coil/IUD

Answer 40

1. Bleeding between periods 2. Cramps 3. Severe menstrual pain and heavy bleeding

Question 41

List the advantages of spermicide

Answer 41

1. It does not require a prescription 2. It does not contain hormones

Question 42

List the disadvantages of spermicide

Answer 42

1. It has to be reapplied every time you have sex 2. Does not protect against STIs 3. May cause irritation and pain

Question 43

Describe the process of embryo development

Answer 43

The developing zygote undergoes a series of cell divisions and transforms into an embryo. The embryo implants itself in the lining of the uterus and starts to form various organs and tissues During this stage, the embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens or environmental factors that can cause birth deficits

Question 44

Describe the process of fetal development

Answer 44

the embryo is considered a fetus after 8 weeks oof development During fetal development, the organs and tissues continue to grow and develop. The fetus becomes more active, and by the end of fetal development, the fetus is fully formed and ready for birth.

Question 45

Describe the process of vaginal birth

Answer 45

The fetus passes through the birth canal, assisted by the contractions of the uterus and the mother's pushing The doctor or midwife will function the mouth and nose as the body's head emerges. Once the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut