Human Reproduction Flashcards
Male Reproductive System
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Different parts of the Male Reproductive System and their function
Testes and their temperature Scrotum Sperm duct Semen Penis Urethra
• The two testes are contained in a bag of skin called the scrotum. The testes functions is to produce loads of male gametes called sperm.
• It is important that they are kept at a lower temperature than the core of the body because at this temperature the production of sperm is difficult.
• The sperm pass through the sperm ducts, so the function of the sperm duct is to allow the sperm to pass through so it can get to the penis.
• During the time its passing through the sperm ducts, they mix with fluids produced by the glands. The fluids provide the sperm cells with nutrients. The mixture of the sperm and fluids is called semen.
• The penis has two functions: to pass out urine out of the man’s body and to pass out semen out of the man’s body.
The urethra is the tube inside the penis that can carry urine or semen. This tube allows the semen and the urine to pass out of the body
Female Reproductive System
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Different parts of the Female Reproductive System and their functions
Ovaries Oviduct Uterus Cervix Vagina
- The ovaries is where the egg is produced.
- The oviduct is where fertilisation takes place and is a tube that leads from a ovary to the uterus. The oviduct is sometimes called the fallopian tube.
- The oviduct is lined with cilia which are tiny hairs on cells. The cilia helps to waft the egg along into the uterus.
- The uterus, also called the womb, is a muscular bag with a soft lining.
- The uterus is where the baby develops until birth.
- The cervix is a ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus. It keeps the baby in place while the woman is pregnant.
- The vagina is a muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s body.
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Secondary Sexual Characteristics are characteristics that develop at puberty. Some prépare the body for reproduction or to make it clear that the body is ready and to tell people this.
The male sex hormone is testosterone which is secreted from the testes. Here are the characteristics which let people know that they are mature for reproduction:
- An increase in rate of growth
- Hair growth in face and body including pubic hair
- Penis, testes and scrotum growth and develop
- Deepening of voice
- Increased muscle development
- Sperm production
The female sex hormone is oestrogen which is produced in the ovaries. Here are the characteristics:
- An increase in rate of growth
- Breast development
- Vagina, oviducts and uterus development
- Start of periods
- Hips widening
- Pubic hair and under arm hair growth
Placenta
- The placenta is an organ that allows constant exchange of materials between the mother and the fetus. It develops from fetal tissues. The placenta and the uterus wall have a large number of blood vessels that run very close to each other but do not touch.
- The mother’s and fetus’ blood do not mix because if they did the higher blood pressure could damage the fetus. And also the mother’s white blood cells may reject the baby as they might have different blood types. Or the mother may make antibodies which might attack the baby.
- Oxygen, nutrients water and more are exchanged from the mother to the fetus.
- The fetus gives all the carbon dioxide and urea to the mother because it can be reabsorbed and is toxic for the fetus.
Amniotic fluid
The fetus develops inside a bag of fluid called the amniotic sac. The fluid protects the fetus from damage and also reduces the effect of large temperature variations which would affect the rate of development.
How the woman gets pregnant…
Idk if you need to know, it doesn’t say in the spec u do so ask the teacher