Human Repoductions And Genetics Flashcards
Fallopian tubes
The Fallopian tubes carry the egg to the interns fertilisation occurs here
Ovaries
Ovaries store and release eggs
Testicles
Produce sperm
Sperm duct
The sperm duct brings the sperm for the testes to the penis
Glands and testicles
Produce seminal fluid which mixes sperm to form semen (allows sperm to swim)
Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates semen
Puberty
Puberty describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (normally happens between the ages of 10 and 15)
Puberty in males
Sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen,hairs grow around the sex organs,face,chest and underarms, the testicles and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm
Puberty in females
When the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hairs begins to grow on the body
Copulation
Another name for sexual intercourse
Implantation
Occurs when a fertilised egg lodges itself on the lining of the uterus
Zygote
Egg and sperm fuses to form a single cell
Embryo
Division of the zygote occurs and it grows. Attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation)
Foetus
After 8 weeks it starts to looks like a human
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
Amniotic fluid
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid this fluid provides a cushion for the embryo this bursts during the delivery of the baby “water breaking”
Umbilical chord
A tube that joins the embryo to the placenta
Placenta
Is rich in blood vessels, it is here that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood, also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers
Birth
Begins when the uterus muscles start to contract. The bag of amniotic fluids bursts “water breaking” and further contractions push the baby out usually head first. The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after.
Labour
Muscles of the uterus contracts to push out the baby
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilisations takes place
Natural method of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting
E.g condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina
E.g contraceptive pills which prevent ovulation
Abstain
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable to abstain (to not have sexual intercourse) from sex is the only way to avoid pregnancy
