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Human Prehistory exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anthropology?

A

Anthropology is the study of people, focusing on the biological and cultural aspects of humans

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2
Q

4 fields of anthropology, and what they study

A
  1. Cultural: The study of modern societies
  2. Linguistics: The study of languages, both written and spoken, and gestures.
  3. Archaeology: The study of past societies
  4. Biological: The study of the evolution of humans
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3
Q

Topics covered in Biological Anthropology

A

Pathology, Primatology, Primate Paleontology, and Human Paleontology

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4
Q

What is science?

A

Systematic observations of the measurable world that can be repeatably tested

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5
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable explanation that can be falsified

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6
Q

How does science differ from other ways of knowing our world, such as tradition?

A

Science takes a lot of time and knowledge to understand even a small bit of it. Tradition is a man made concept that forms from culture.

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7
Q

Miasma Theory

A

Bad air (or weird looking fog in the woods) can make you sick.

Been proven false

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8
Q

Germ Theory

A

The existence of micro-bacteria that can affect your body both positively and negatively.

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9
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Discovered that fossil wood was once alive

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10
Q

Georges Cuvier

A

Discovered that organisms can go extinct and discovered that different fossils could be found in different layers of rock (Geological Strata).

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11
Q

James Hutton

A

A geologist that came up with the concept of Uniformitarianism and reinforced the idea of Geological Strata

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12
Q

Uniformitarianism

A

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.

(Basically, everything is connected to give the Earth that we know today)

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13
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Formed the concept of Deep Time (Earth being very old)

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14
Q

Carlous Linnaeus

A

Came up with the naming system for all living organisms that we still use today

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15
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

A demographer that figured out that population growth is limited by the amount of food a population has. Thus, promoting competition among populations.

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16
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

A

Formed Lamarckianism, the concept that offspring inherited traits from their parents.

Lamarck’s idea has since been proven wrong, even though it was popular at the time.

17
Q

Charles Darwin

A

The man who used the ideas from the other people mentioned to come up with the idea of Natural Selection.

18
Q

Alfred Russell Wallace

A

independently “discovered” Natural selection like Darwin

19
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Bred pea plants together and discovered genes and alleles, and dominant/recessive traits

20
Q

What did people think of Mendel’s work when he presented it to scientists?

A

Nobody really cared. However, it was rediscovered later and applied to Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

21
Q

4 processes of evolution

A

natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, gene flow

22
Q

Natural Selection

A

The concept of only the best adapted species will survive to reproduce

23
Q

Mutation

A

New variation in species where it didn’t exist before

24
Q

Genetic drift

A

Populations randomly changing overtime

25
Q

Gene flow

A

Genetic change between two populations

26
Q

Basically sex

A

Sperm vomits in egg, cells in egg multiply millions upon millions of times, and a baby (to put it in less gross terms) is delivered by the mother.

The end.

27
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA in packages that come in pairs of 2.

Humans have 46 chromosomes and 23 are contributed from the father and mother.

28
Q

DNA

A

Made up of a mix of Adenine (A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), and Cytosine(C). Contains all the information that makes life possible.

29
Q

How are proteins made?

A

Proteins are formed in a condensation reaction when amino acid molecules join together and a water molecule is removed.

30
Q

Mitosis

A

A cell makes a copy of itself

31
Q

Meiosis

A

The genes get shuffled between cells

32
Q

Crossing Over

A

The exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis)

33
Q

Co-dominance

A

Heterozygote expresses both alleles

34
Q

Random Alignment

A

Leads to new combinations of traits

35
Q

Polygenic Traits

A

Determined by effects of two or more genes

36
Q

Pleiotropic Traits

A

Single gene effects the expression of multiple traits

37
Q

Phenotypic Plasticity

A

The capacity of the same organisms to exhibit different characteristics under varied environmental conditions

38
Q

Population

A

A breeding group

Human Prehistory (3 decks)

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