Human Population Evolution and Migration Flashcards
T/F. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is particularly useful in analysing the recent evolution & subsequent migration of human populations as it is non – recombining & is directly inherited through the maternal line. Non - recombining Y chromosome sequences, w/c are inherited through the paternal lineage, have been similarly used.
True.
____ shows the deduced ancestral relationships between different populations. When such data are combined w/ the calculated ____ for the studied sequences, the timing of early events within human pre - history can be estimated. In addition, by taking into account the known geographical distribution of the lineages or populations within the phylogenetic tree or network, generating the so-called ____, the past movements of humans between regions can be estimated
Phylogenetic tree; mutation rates; phylogeography
A large privately funded study, the ____, is currently underway to investigate these population movements from DNA evidence in much greater detail using DNA samples that are being collected from up to 100,000 indigenous people throughout the world.
Genographic Project
Studies of____ from modern human samples from native populations have provided support for the ____ model of human evolution.
mtDNA; Recent African Origin
This model involves the evolution of Homo sapiens from Homo erectus in several different regions of the world, independently. Has now been become less popular.
Multiregional model
This refers to the hypothesized relatively recent colonization of the world by modern humans who evolved from Homo erectus in sub - Saharan Africa and then, beginning between 50 and 60 thousand years ago, migrated through the rest of the world.
African Origin model of human evolution
T/F. The result of migration is that genetic diversity is now much greater in distantly migrated populations such as Native Americans than in native Africans.
False. At each stage of the migration only a subgroup broke away from the established population, taking w/ it only a fraction of the existing genetic diversity. Hence Africans are more genetically diverse than distantly migrated populations.
T/F. The Out - of - Africa model has also now been supported by analysis of Y chromosome markers, by recent whole - genome SNP analyses and even by DNA analyses of microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori bacteria carried by migrating humans.
True.
Working backwards through evolution to a common ancestor can be achieved by a technique known as ____.
coalescence analysis
The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for the mtDNA of all the sampled individuals, the _____, has been estimated to have lived around 171,000 years ago in East Africa. Similarly, the MRCA of the Y chromosome sequences, the _____, can be determined.
mitochondrial Eve; Y chromosome Adam
T/F. In general, calculated MRCAs differ according to w/c genomic loci are undergoing coalescence analysis.
True.
