Human Population Dynamics

Question 1

what affect whether a human population is growing or declining?

Answer 1

• birth rates
• infant mortality rates
• overall death rates
• access to family planning
• access to good nutrition
• access to education
• postponement of marriage

Question 2

what factors limit global human population?

Answer 2

• the earth’s carrying capacity
• basic factors that limit human population growth (malthusian theory)

Question 3

what KIND of factors affect population growth?

Answer 3

density-independent factors as well as density-dependent factors

Question 4

what density-independent factors limit population growth?

Answer 4

major storms, fires, heat waves, droughts

Question 5

what density-dependent factors limit population growth?

Answer 5

access to clean air and water, food availability, disease transmission, territory size

Question 6

what is the rule of 70?

Answer 6

states that dividing the number 70 by the percentage population growth rate approximates the population’s doubling time

Question 7

who is thomas malthus?

Answer 7

an english economics who in 1978 FINSIH LTER

Question 8

what is the malthusian theory?

Answer 8

earth has a human carrying capacity, probably based on food production, and human population growth is happening faster than growth of food production, which means humans will reach a carrying capacity limited by food

Question 9

how do technological advancements affect the malthusian theory?

Answer 9

humans can alter earth’s carrying capacity with technological innovation

Question 10

what is an example of humans increasing earth’s carrying capacity through technological innovation?

Answer 10

• the haber-bosch process was discovered in 1918
• led to the creation of synthetic nitrogen creating fertilizers which increased the productivity of agricultural lands and increased food supply

Question 11

what is one of the flaws of the malthusian theory?

Answer 11

failed to account for the idea that technological advancements could increase our food supply

Question 12

why is predicting earth’s carrying capacity so difficult?

Answer 12

it’s difficult because future technology can alter resource availability in a way that isn’t possible for other species

Question 13

what is growth rate?

Answer 13

• r
• the percent increase in a population (usually per year)
• a growth rate of 5% for a population of 100 means they grow to 105

Question 14

what is CBR and CDR

Answer 14

• crude birth rate and crude death rate
• it’s the births and deaths per 1,000 people in a population

Question 15

how do you calculate growth rate (r)?

Answer 15

(CBR - CDR)/10 = population growth rate percentage

Question 16

what is the rule of 70?

Answer 16

the time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the growth rate

Question 17

what are factors that increase population growth?

Answer 17

• higher TFR → higher birth rate
• high IMR can drive up TFR (replacement children)
• high immigration level
• increased access to clean water and healthcare (decrease death rate)

Question 18

what are factors that decrease population growth rate?

Answer 18

• high death rate
• high infant mortality rate
• increased development (education and affluence)
• increased education for women
• delayed age of first child
• postponement of marriage age

Question 19

what is standard of living?

Answer 19

what the quality of life is like for people of a country based (on wealth access to necessities like clean water, stable food supply, shelter, heat, electricity, access to entertainment)
- measured by GDP and life expectancy

Question 20

high GDP and life expectancy are indicators of:

Answer 20

development and low population growth

Question 21

what is GDP?

Answer 21

• key economic indicator of standard of living
• total value of the goods and services produced

Question 22

what is per capita GDP?

Answer 22

the total GDP per total population

Question 23

what is life expectancy?

Answer 23

• key health indicator of standard of living
• it’s the average age a person will live to in a given country

Question 24

what are the key indicators of standard of living?

Answer 24

• GDP (economic) and life expectancy (health)

Question 25

what increases life expectancy?

Answer 25

increases with access to clean water, health care, and stable food sources