HUMAN POPULATION (1) : AP Environmental Exam Studying Flashcards
Key Population Facts
World Population: 7.5B
US Pop: 326 M
China pop: 1.4 B
India pop: 1.35 B
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
average # of babies that a woman has in a lifetime
has declined drastically since 1950
Highest in DEVELOPING countries, lowest in DEVELOPED
Replacement level Fertility Rate (RFR)
How many children a woman needs to replace her and her spouse. Should be 2 but is slightly higher due to infant Mortality
Developed countries is 2.1, Developing countries is 2.5+
Crude Birth Rate/Crude Death Rate
of individuals born/dead per 1,000 per year
Demographic Momentum
Population increasing after TFR>RFR due to high pre-reproductive and reproductive individuals
Density Dependent Factors
competition, predation, parasitism
Density Independent Factors
weather, climate, volcanoes, fires, floods
Age structure diagram (or population pyramid)
two-sided histogram for males and females at different age groups. there are three general patterns for the diagrams: Rapidly Expanding , Population Decline , and Stable Population.
Age groups:
Pre-reproductive (0-14)
Reproductive age (15-44)
Post-reproductive (45+)
Rapidly Expanding [ Age structure diagram (or population pyramid) ]
BIG at bottom, SMALL at top
Population Decline [ Age structure diagram (or population pyramid) ]
LARGE at top, SMALL at bottom
Stable Population [ Age structure diagram (or population pyramid) ]
STEADY size throughout, a bit smaller on topP
PHASE 1: Pre-Industrial Stage
High CBR and CDR. Population stable.
PHASE 2: Transitional Stage
High CBR but decreasing CDR; rapid rise in human population; - most rapid rate of population increase
PHASE 3: Industrial Stage
Low CDR but increasing CBR ; Population still growing but the growth is slower. Heading towards stabilization
PHASE 4: Post-Industrial Stage
Low CBR and CDR. Population stabilized or in a decline
