Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Human Phisiology > Flashcards

Human Phisiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cover body services and line organs

A

Epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Binds and supports other tissues

A

Connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tissue under skin

A

Loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fat tissue

A

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tendon and ligament tissue

A

Fibrous connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The tissue found in the bones

A

Bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cells in extracellular matrix

A

Blood tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other two types of body tissue

A

Nerve and muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

System that processes food

A

Digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

System that deals with gas exchange

A

Respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

System transports nutrients wastes

A

Circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

System that deals with protection

A

Immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

System that deals with the coordination of body functions

A

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

System that deals with the detection and response to stmuli

A

Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

System that deals with structure, support and blood cell production

A

Skeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

System that deals with movement and protection

A

Muscular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

System that deals with carrying on genetic code to the next generation

A

Reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

System that deals with protection and keep the body from drying out

A

Integumentary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The four steps of the digestive system is to____?

A

Ingest
Digest
Absorb
Eliminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The organs included in the digestive system are_____?

A 
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine 
Rectum 
Anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of digestion that takes place with the teeth, peristalsis in stomach, and the intestine

A

Mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type of digestion that has acids and enzymes convert food into Acid chime which is released into small intestine

A

Chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Made up of hydrogen chloride, mucus, and inactive pepsin called pepsinogen which digests proteins; hydrogen chloride converts inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin and the mucus protects the lining of the stomach.

A

Gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

First 20 to 25 cm duodenum where nutrient absorption and most chemical digestion take place

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Secretes digestive enzymes and alkaline solution to neutralize acid chime

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Secretes bile, stored in gallbladder, breaks down fats

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Projections in intestine, highly vascularized, helps absorb nutrients into blood

A

Villi and microvillous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Consolidates waste, removes water, bacteria synthesize vitamin K

A

Large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Organic nutrients that are obtained through diet; important as coenzymes

A

Vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Inorganic nutrients we obtain from diet; usually only needed small amounts; essential in some enzymes, for proper cell function, and as a component or precursor for many compounds

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The main component of the human respiratory system

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Order organs used in the respiratory system

A 
Nose/mouth
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Contraction of this allows for air movement

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The diaphragm contracts and moves down during

A

Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The diaphragm relaxes and moves up during

A

Exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What parts in the brain help control breathing

A

The pons and medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What other things in the body help control breathing

A

pH levels in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Whenever excess oxygen detected in carotid and aorta stops sending nerve impulse to rib muscles and diaphragm.

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Do humans have open or closed circulatory system

A

Closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Region of nutrients/waste exchange with the cells

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Small branches of arteries that lead to capillaries

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Small veins that converge to form veins

A

Venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Humans have what kind of circuit

A

Double circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The circuit dealing with the heart and lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The circuit dealing with the heart and the remainder of the body

A

Systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What’s the order of the parts of the body that the blood goes to

A 
Body
Superior and inferior Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Type of heart problem that causes myocardial infraction; heart attack, blood flow to the heart muscle is interrupted

A

MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Type of heart problem with plaque buildup in coronary arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What causes atherosclerosis

A 
It can be 
genetic
Diet
Smoking
Stress
Being inactive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Globular protein in blood of most vertebrates, contains iron, binds and carries carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

CO2 is converted into what in the blood

A

Bicarbonate ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How many oxygen molecules can one hemoglobin molecule carry

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What does the blood do

A

Carries nutrients, waste, cells
Regulates the body temperature
Stabilizes pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Part of the heart that receives blood not as muscular

A

Top atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Part of the heart that pumps blood, very muscular

A

Bottom ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Does the right side of high or low oxygen content

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Does the left side of the heart have high or low oxygen content

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Condition of heart whenever it is relaxed and blood flows into all chambers

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Condition of the heart whenever It pumps and begins filling atria.

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Type of pacemaker found in the upper portion of the right atrium

A

Sinoatrial node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Type of pacemaker found in the wall between right atrium and right ventricle

A

Atrioventricular node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What hormone determines the rate of the heart

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What makes up 55% of the blood

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is plasma Made of

A

Mostly H2O
Minerals
Nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Red blood cells are this type of cell

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

White blood cells of this type of cell

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Histamine producers

A

Basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Combat parasites

A

Eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Most numerous, phagocyteic

A

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

T cells and B cells

A

Lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Lead to macrophage, phagocytic

A

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Aid in clotting of blood

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Cells found in long bones red bone marrow and spleen; the cells have not differentiated into what particular cell they will be; potential for variety of medical treatments

A

Stem cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Part of the immune system that’s nonspecific; it’s the first line of protection

A

Innate immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophage

A

Phagocyte cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Cells that fight cancer and viruses

A

Natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Proteins produced by cells to fight a virus

A

Interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Blood proteins that work like a domino effect where one protein binds and activates another

A

Complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Any foreign material that can stimulate immune response

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Protein produced by B cells that specifically recognize a particular antigen and aid in immune response have Fc regions that attach to cells and antigen binding regions that specifically attach to antigen

A

Anti-body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Part of the immune system that is specific, mount after exposure; Can be achieved after exposure to antigen either naturally or via vaccination

A

Acquired immunity

84
Q

Acquired immunity where your system fights back

A

Active Acquired immunity

85
Q

Acquired immunity usually given form of gamma globulin

A

Passive acquired immunity

86
Q

Develop from bone marrow and differentiate Into B cells and T cells

A

Lymphocytes

87
Q

B cells are found in the

A

Bone

88
Q

T cell are found in the

A

Thymus gland

89
Q

Type of T cells that attack specific infected body cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

90
Q

Type a T cells that activate other cells that are responsible for clearing infection/infected cells

A

Helper T cells

91
Q

Type of immunity developed by B cells

A

Humoral immunity

92
Q

Type of immunity produced by T cells which fight infected cells or cancers

A

So meditated immunity

93
Q

Organs of the lymphatic system consists of

A 
Vessels
Nodes
Spleen
Appendix
Adenoids
Thymus
Bone marrow
94
Q

What’s the main function of the lymphatic system

A

To find infection and return fluid to circulatory system

95
Q

What happens in the lymphatic system when an antigen has been detected

A

The antigen is carried in lymph fluids to lymphatic organs where they are exposed to macrophage and other immune cells/components to be destroyed

96
Q

What happens in an autoimmune disorder

A

Your body recognizes itself as a foreign object causing an all out immune response

97
Q

What happens in an allergy

A

The body immune system overreacts and antigen; it can be deadly

98
Q

What is the main thing dealing with the endocrine system

A

Hormones

99
Q

A protein that carries chemical signals through blood

A

Hormone

100
Q

Protein that carries chemical signal from nerve cells to nerve cells

A

Nero transmitter

101
Q

Can someone hormones serve as neurotransmitters as well

A

Yes

102
Q

Gland that produces the growth hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Sperm production, And the ovary/testy stimulation hormone

A

Pituitary gland

103
Q

The gland that contains estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

104
Q

Hormone that calls for uterine lining and secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogen

105
Q

Hormone that calls for uterine lining growth

A

Progesterone

106
Q

Gland that secretes androgens

A

Testes

107
Q

Hormone that causes sperm formation and secondary sex characteristics

A

Androgens

108
Q

Gland secretes the hormone epinephrine

A

Adrenal glands

109
Q

Hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases metabolism

A

Epinephrine

110
Q

Gland that secretes thyroxine and calcitonin

A

Thyroid

111
Q

Hormone that controls metabolism

A

Thyroxine

112
Q

Hormone that lowers blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

113
Q

Gland that secretes parathyroid hormone

A

Parathyroid

114
Q

Hormone that raises blood calcium level

A

Parathyroid hormone

115
Q

Gland that secretes insulin and glucagon

A

Pancreas

116
Q

Hormone that lowers glucose levels in blood

A

Insulin

117
Q

Hormone that raises glucose levels in the blood

A

Glucagon

118
Q

Insulin is to glucagon as calcitonin is to what

A

Parathyroid hormone

119
Q

Organs involved in excretory system are

A

Liver
Kidney
Lung
Skin

120
Q

Location of sperm production

A

Testes

121
Q

Tubes that carry sperm and seminal fluid to urethra

A

Vas deferens

122
Q

Organ that produces fluid to feed sperm

A

Seminal vesicle

123
Q

Organ that produces thin fluid to feed sperm

A

Prostate

124
Q

Organ that contains urethra and aids in transfer of the semen from male into female system during sexual reproduction

A

Penis

125
Q

Sac-like organ that holds testes

A

Scrotum

126
Q

Produces eggs

A

Ovaries

127
Q

Oviducts, connect ovary to uterus

A

Fallopian tubes

128
Q

Location of fetus development

A

Uterus

129
Q

Connects uterus to outside of body

A

Vagina

130
Q

Neck if uterus that opens into vagina

A

Cervix

131
Q

All eggs are suspended in what until puberty

A

Meiosis 1

132
Q

The process of an egg maturing

A

Oogenesis

133
Q

The process of making sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

134
Q

What is formed when sperm and egg fuse to form a diploid cell

A

Zygote

135
Q

Rapid cell division producing a ball of cells

A

Cleavage

136
Q

Hollow ball of cells that forms after cleavage; hollow center is blastocoel

A

Blastula

137
Q

Process were blastula transforms into a ball of cells that forms three distinct tissue layers

A

Gastrulation

138
Q

What are the three distinct tissue layers in gastrulation

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

139
Q

Occurs after gastrulation; cells specialize and continue to divide; formation of notochord and neural tube

A

Organ formation

140
Q

Hormones that are responsible for the birthing process are

A

Estrogen
Oxytocin
Prostaglandins

141
Q

Produced in ovaries; causes uterus to increase ability to recognize oxytocin

A

Estrogen

142
Q

Stimulates contraction uterus; causes Placentia to produce prostaglandins

A

Oxytocin

143
Q

Stimulates uterus to contract

A

Prostaglandins

144
Q

The three parts of the birthing process are

A

Dilation
Expulsion
Afterbirth

145
Q

Opening of the cervix

A

Dilation

146
Q

Fetuses pushed out of uterus

A

Expulsion

147
Q

Placenta is pushed out after child is born

A

Afterbirth

148
Q

What are the four steps of the nervous system

A

Sensory
Stimuli
Process
Respond

149
Q

What makes the central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

150
Q

Nerves that connect the central nervous system to specific cells

A

Motor nerves

151
Q

Nerves that’s connect specific cells to the central nervous system

A

Sensory nerves

152
Q

Nerve cell; functional unit of nervous system

A

Neuron

153
Q

Gap between the axon of one nerve and the dendrites of another

A

Synapse

154
Q

Structure formed on axon when it is coated with Myelin forming a structure like a group of beads on and chain

A

Schwann cell

155
Q

Space found between two Schwann cells located where nerve impulses give me pass along neuron

A

Notes of ranvier

156
Q

What is the order that the impulses go through

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
Synapse

157
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that carry signals to and from skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

158
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal smooth muscle tissue; three divisions

A

Autonomic nervous system

159
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

160
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that stimulates digestive glands and other internal organs

A

Parasympathetic

161
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for digestive; bladder

A

Enteric

162
Q

Part of the hindbrain that controls breathing rate and feedback system

A

Pons

163
Q

Part of the the hindbrain that controls breathing rate, circulatory rate, and digestion

A

Medulla oblongata

164
Q

Data receiving center sends signals to rest the brain

A

Midbrain

165
Q

Part of the forebrain that controls memory, learning and speech

A

Cerebrum

166
Q

Part of the forebrain that controls data receiving center and location of motor impulse sending

A

Thalamus

167
Q

Part of the forebrain that controls homeostasis throughout the body and regulates pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

168
Q

In the brain mainly made up of axons

A

White matter

169
Q

In the brain mainly made up of nerve bodies dendrites

A

Gray matter

170
Q

connective tissue that surrounds brain and spinal cord

A

Mininges

171
Q

What happens in an impulse

A

The sodium potassium pump takes place and an electrical gradient is needed

172
Q

What is the neuron like at rest

A

The outside is positive and the inside is negative

173
Q

What rushes in during an impulse

A

Sodium ions

174
Q

What diffuses out of the neuron during an impulse

A

Potassium ions

175
Q

And impulse occurs in how long

A

1-2 milliseconds

176
Q

A neurotransmitter that effects skeletal muscle contraction and slows down cardiac muscle

A

Acetylcholine

177
Q

Hormone and neurotransmitter that sometimes is calling adrenaline

A

Epinephrine

178
Q

A neurotransmitter that affects sleep and mood

A

Serotonin and dopamine

179
Q

The type of muscle in the internal organs; involuntary

A

Smooth muscle

180
Q

Type of muscle found in the skeletal system; voluntary

A

Striated muscle

181
Q

The type of muscle found in the heart; involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

182
Q

Type of myofibril that is thick

A

Myosin

183
Q

Type of myofibril that is thin

A

Actin

184
Q

Repeating units of actin and myosin; form striations on tissue

A

Sarcomere

185
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Movement
Attachment
Protection
Blood cell production

186
Q

Bones that include skull, vertebrae and ribcage

A

Axial skeleton

187
Q

Bones that include arms, pelvis and legs

A

Appendicular skeleton

188
Q

Point where two bones meet; allow for movement

A

Joints

189
Q

Connective tissue that attaches bones at joints

A

Ligaments

190
Q

Connective tissue at the end of bones; cushions and reduces wear and tear on bones

A

Cartilage

191
Q

Found out the ends and outside of bone; very dense

A

Compact bone

192
Q

Highly vascularized; collagen embedded to allow for flexibility

A

Spongy bone

193
Q

Marrow that stores fat tissue

A

Yellow marrow

194
Q

Marrow that is the location of blood cell production

A

Red marrow

195
Q

Are bones living tissue

A

Yes

196
Q

What does the integumentary system do

A

Protects
Removes waste
Has sensory receptors

197
Q

Outer layer of skin, mostly dead cells

A

Epidermis

198
Q

Found under epidermis; blood vessels, sensory receptor, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles all found here

A

Dermis

199
Q

Mainly protein keratin; only living cells in follicle of hair and nail bed bed of nails

A

Hair and nails

200
Q

List the five sensory organs

A 
Eyes
Ears
Skin
Olifactory (smell)
Taste
201
Q

People who can see thins far away but not close

A

Farsighted

202
Q

Condition where people see objects

A

Nearsighted

203
Q

Poor vision due to problems with shape of cornea or lense

A

Astigmatism

204
Q

What is the order of the human ear

A 
Pinna
Auditory canal
Tympanic membrane
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Cochlea
Auditory nerve
Brain
205
Q

On tongue and in nasal passages bind to specific molecules and send messages to brain

A

Chemoreceptors

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions