Human Perspectives Chapter 2 Flashcards
Memorise key points in Chapter 2
What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest structure which performs the functions of life.
What does the cell theory state?
The cell theory states that all living organisms are made up of cells, which are the basic units of life, and arise from pre-existing cells.
Why do cells need to be viewed using a microscope?
Cells need to be viewed using a microscope as they are so small that they are not visible to the naked eye, leading to the use of a microscope.
What is the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is the outer boundary of the cell, and separates the cells content from neighbouring cells. It controls what is able to enter/leave the cell. It is very thin, cannot be seen through light microscope.
What is cytoplasm?
A jelly/watery like material inside of cells, which fills space between the nucleus and cell membrane. Made of cytosol and organelles.
What is Cytosol?
Liquid part of the cytoplasm; 75-90% water. A complex mixture of dissolved substances such as salts and carbohydrates. Proteins and fats do not dissolve, and are suspended in the fluid. Metabolic reactions occur in cytosol. Cytosol also controls the Osmotic pressure inside the cell.
What are organelles?
Structures within a cell. Many organelles are formed by internal membranes. This includes the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, and cilia and flagella.
What is the nucleus?
Largest organelle in the cell. Nuclear membrane separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores allow large molecules to enter and leave the nucleus. DNA inside the nucleus in Chromatin and Chromosome form. DNA contains info that determines the type of protein the cell makes. The nucleolus plays a part in the manufacturing of proteins.
