Human Paper 🧜♀️🌍⭐️ Flashcards
1
Q
What is a brownfield site?
A
Abandoned or derelict urban land previously used by commercial or industrial companies
2
Q
What is urban sprawl?
A
the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
3
Q
why might there be inequalities in the health of people in urban areas? 👩⚕️
A
- people living in wealthier areas may have better and easier access to healthcare compared to poorer areas which could result in untreated health conditions.
- The wealthier areas may have more money to produce organic and healthy foods which increase the conditions of their health.
4
Q
What is the importance of Bristol? 🎬📚
A
- Two universities
- Largest concentration if silicon chip manufacture outside California
- Home to Aardman Animations
- The UK’s 8th most popular city for tourists
5
Q
Why is Bristol an important international city? 🌍✈️
A
- Transport: Port, rail/airport links
- Industry: High-tech + global industries
- Education: Universities
6
Q
What impact have migrants had in Bristol? 🏠 ✈️ 🏙
A
- Enriching the city’s cultural life
- Improving the level of skills, where there are shortages
- A hard-working and motivated work force
7
Q
How is Bristol changing? ✈️ 🚙 🚊👩👨👩
A
- Rapidly growing population
- The population is becoming more ethnically diverse
- The are more people in Bristol under the age of 16 than of pensionable age
- Motorway, road, rail, air connections have made it more accessible
8
Q
Why were improved shopping facilities needed in Bristol?
A
- Reduce crime
- Compete with other cities
- Improve environment
- attract employment
9
Q
What were the developments to encourage people to come back to shopping in the CBD?
A
- Made it a more attractive shopping environment eg: floral displays
- Improved public transport
- Pedestrianising the area + CCTV for safety
10
Q
When did Cabot Circus open?
A
September 2008
11
Q
How much did Cabot Circus cost?
A
£500 million
12
Q
What are some general facts about Cabot Circus?
A
- Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of its floor space
- As well as shops, there are offices, a cinema and hotel
- 250 apartments
13
Q
How was Bristol Harbourside regenerated?🛥🍻🍸🖼
A
- Former workshops and warehouses were converted into bars, clubs and cultural venues such as art galleries and arts centres
14
Q
How many spectators are attracted to the annual Bristol Harbourside Festival?
A
300 000 spectators
15
Q
How has Bristol’s industry changed?
A
Decline of tobacco industry - empty warehouses, closure of city centre port. Growth of service and high-tech industries in their place.
16
Q
What factors attract high-tech businesses to Bristol?
A
- Educated and skilled workforce
- Close links between the city council and the university
- Advanced research at the university
17
Q
What is an Integrated Transport System? (ITS)
A
- An ITS connects different modes of transport, making journeys smoother.
- The aim to to make public transport better thus encouraging people to use public transportation rather than cars.
18
Q
What are the benefits of an ITS? 🚌🚲🚍🚈
A
- It will make transport more sustainable
- Reduces traffic congestion
- May also encourage a healthy lifestyle through encouraging citizens to use bikes
19
Q
What is urban greening?
A
The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas
20
Q
What are some of the greening initiatives that Bristol has taken on? 🌳🌱
A
- 27% of the city to be part of a wildlife network
- 30% of the city to be covered with trees
21
Q
How had change caused environmental challenges in Bristol?
A
- Vacant industrial buildings have become derelict
- Demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl
22
Q
What is an example of an abandoned building in Bristol?
A
Perry’s Carriage Works in Stokes Croft:
- Housing built in the 19th Century for industrial workers
- Became notorious for its derelict housing and abandoned properties
- Has been taken over by squatters and the area has suffered from riots and antisocial behaviour
23
Q
What is being done to improve Stokes Croft?
A
- Activists and artists wanted to revitalise the area through community action and public art
- It is now well known for its music, independent shops, nightclubs and graffiti art.
24
Q
What is being done to reduce urban sprawl?
A
- Focus on Brownfield, not Greenfield sites with by 2026 over 30 000 new homes are planned on brownfield sites
25
How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal?
- Reducing the amount of waste that has to be sent to landfill sites
- Reducing the amount of household waste generated per household by 15%
- Increasing the amount of waste recycling to 50%
26
How has an increase in recycling rates in Bristol been achieved?
- agreeing higher targets with contractors who handle household waste
- teaching kids in school about the importance of recycling
- making technological improvements in recycling
27
Vehicle emissions are the main cause of air pollution in the city. What plans were put in place to reduce air pollution?
- reducing speeds limits on motorways and in residential areas
- The Frome Gateway, a walking and cycling route to the city centre
- a smartphone app with info on public transport
28
How does Bristols 'poo-bus' work?
- The bus is powered by human waste and will transport people between bath and Bristol airport.
- The bus will run on bio-methane gas produced at a sewage treatment works.
- It can travel up to 300km on one tank of gas
29
What are two contrasting areas of Bristol?
Filwood (deprived)
and Stoke Bishop
30
What are some problems that residents of Filwood are facing?
Bullying, crime, drug use, lack of transport, dumped cars, poor environment
31
Where is Nigeria?
On the coast of West Africa
it borders Cameroon, Niger, Chad and Benin
32
What is the global importance of Nigeria?
- In 2014 Nigeria became the worlds 21st largest economy
- Nigeria supplies 2.7% of the worlds oil
- The centre of Lagos is a thriving economic hub
33
What is Nigerias importance within Africa?
- in 2014 it had the third largest manufacturing sector in Africa
- Has over 19 million cattle and has the largest farm output in Africa
34
Why is Nigerias economy developing?
- Rapid advances in technology
- Greater concern for the environment
- Many people speak english which gives potential growth for telecommunications
35
How is manufacturing affecting economic development?
- regular paid work gives people a more secure income
| - a thriving industrial sector attracts foreign investment
36
What is a transnational corporation? TNC
A large company that operates in several countries.
37
Why do TNC's locate in foreign countries?
In order to take advantage of:
- tax incentives
- cheaper labour
- laxer environmental laws
- access to a wider market
38
what are some advantages of tnc's in foreign countries?
- provides employment
- investment in local infrastructure and education
- local companies benefit from orders
39
what are some disadvantages of tnc's?
- local workers are sometimes poorly paid
- working conditions are sometimes very poor
- much of generated profit goes abroad
40
What is nigeria's social context?
- multiethnic and multifaith country
- the diverse culture has created conflict
- the life expectancy is 52
41
what are the regional variations in nigeria?
- 60% of children in urban areas attend secondary school but only 36% of children in rural areas
42
What is the cultural context of Nigeria?🎥🎵
- Nigerian music is enjoyed across the continent
| - Nigerian cinema (Nollywood) is the second largest film industry in the world
43
What are Nigeria's global trading relationships?
Main exports are: crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber, cocoa and cotton.
Main imports: cars from Brazil, telephones, rice and wheat
44
What are some facts about crude oil in Nigeria?
- High quality oil that dominates Nigerias exports
| - Nigerias oil is described as 'sweet oil' with less than 42% sulphur
45
where is shells headquarters?
Headquarters are in the Netherlands
46
What river does shell extract oil from?
the niger delta
47
what benefits has shell bought to Nigeria's economy?
- providing direct employment for 65 000 nigerian workers
- supports the growth of the energy sector in nigeria
- giving 91% of shell contracts to nigerian companies
48
what are the disadvantages of the oil developments and shell?
- oil spills have caused water pollution and soil degradation which reduces agricultural production and fishing yields
- frequent oil flares send toxic fumes into the air
- oil theft are big problems in the region which reduces production levels and costs billions to restore every year
49
what are the 2 main types of aid?
emergency aid
| development aid
49
what are the 2 main types of aid?
emergency aid
| development aid
50
how does nigeria benefit from aid?
- aid from the usa helps to educate and protect people against the spread of HIV/AIDS
- funds health programs
- anti-mosquito nets from NGO's
51
What are the benefits of economic development for nigeria?
- improvements to infrastructure such as roads
- better quality health care with more doctors and better equipped hospitals
- better access to safe water and sanitation
51
What are the benefits of economic development for nigeria?
- improvements to infrastructure such as roads
- better quality health care with more doctors and better equipped hospitals
- better access to safe water and sanitation
52
what are examples of places in stage one (high fluctuating) of the DTM?
traditional rainforest tribes
53
what are example of a place in stage 2 (early expanding) of the DTM?
Afganistan
54
what are examples of places in stage 3 (late expanding) of the DTM?
India, Kenya, Brazil, Nigeria
55
what are examples of places in stage 4 (low fluctuating) of the DTM?
USA, France, UK
56
what are examples of places in stage 5 (natural increase) of the DTM?
Italy, germany, japan
57
What are the different zones of rio and what is in them?
North zone- low quality housing and favelas, main industrial area
Centro- CBD, financial headquarters
South Zone- main tourist hotels and beaches such as Copacabana, wealthy area
West zone- main olympic stadium
58
what are some types employment in rio?
tourism, retail, construction, steelworks
59
what is an example of a favela in rio?
rocinha, the largest favela in rio
60
what is an example of a favela in rio?
rocinha, the largest favela in rio
61
as a result of improvement, what does rocinha now have?
- Many houses with tv and refrigerators
- schools, health facilities, private university
- 90% of houses built with brick and electricity, running water and sewage systems
62
What are 3 things that the favela bairro project achieved
- paved and formally names roads
- a pacifying police unit set up
- access to water supply and drainage system
