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Geography > Human Paper 🧜‍♀️🌍⭐️ > Flashcards

Human Paper 🧜‍♀️🌍⭐️ Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

Abandoned or derelict urban land previously used by commercial or industrial companies

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2
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

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3
Q

why might there be inequalities in the health of people in urban areas? 👩‍⚕️

A
  • people living in wealthier areas may have better and easier access to healthcare compared to poorer areas which could result in untreated health conditions.
  • The wealthier areas may have more money to produce organic and healthy foods which increase the conditions of their health.
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4
Q

What is the importance of Bristol? 🎬📚

A
  • Two universities
  • Largest concentration if silicon chip manufacture outside California
  • Home to Aardman Animations
  • The UK’s 8th most popular city for tourists
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5
Q

Why is Bristol an important international city? 🌍✈️

A
  • Transport: Port, rail/airport links
  • Industry: High-tech + global industries
  • Education: Universities
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6
Q

What impact have migrants had in Bristol? 🏠 ✈️ 🏙

A
  • Enriching the city’s cultural life
  • Improving the level of skills, where there are shortages
  • A hard-working and motivated work force
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7
Q

How is Bristol changing? ✈️ 🚙 🚊👩‍👨‍👩‍

A
  • Rapidly growing population
  • The population is becoming more ethnically diverse
  • The are more people in Bristol under the age of 16 than of pensionable age
  • Motorway, road, rail, air connections have made it more accessible
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8
Q

Why were improved shopping facilities needed in Bristol?

A
  • Reduce crime
  • Compete with other cities
  • Improve environment
  • attract employment
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9
Q

What were the developments to encourage people to come back to shopping in the CBD?

A
  • Made it a more attractive shopping environment eg: floral displays
  • Improved public transport
  • Pedestrianising the area + CCTV for safety
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10
Q

When did Cabot Circus open?

A

September 2008

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11
Q

How much did Cabot Circus cost?

A

£500 million

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12
Q

What are some general facts about Cabot Circus?

A
  • Shops and leisure facilities take up two-thirds of its floor space
  • As well as shops, there are offices, a cinema and hotel
  • 250 apartments
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13
Q

How was Bristol Harbourside regenerated?🛥🍻🍸🖼

A
  • Former workshops and warehouses were converted into bars, clubs and cultural venues such as art galleries and arts centres
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14
Q

How many spectators are attracted to the annual Bristol Harbourside Festival?

A

300 000 spectators

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15
Q

How has Bristol’s industry changed?

A

Decline of tobacco industry - empty warehouses, closure of city centre port. Growth of service and high-tech industries in their place.

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16
Q

What factors attract high-tech businesses to Bristol?

A
  • Educated and skilled workforce
  • Close links between the city council and the university
  • Advanced research at the university
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17
Q

What is an Integrated Transport System? (ITS)

A
  • An ITS connects different modes of transport, making journeys smoother.
  • The aim to to make public transport better thus encouraging people to use public transportation rather than cars.
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18
Q

What are the benefits of an ITS? 🚌🚲🚍🚈

A
  • It will make transport more sustainable
  • Reduces traffic congestion
  • May also encourage a healthy lifestyle through encouraging citizens to use bikes
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19
Q

What is urban greening?

A

The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas

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20
Q

What are some of the greening initiatives that Bristol has taken on? 🌳🌱

A
  • 27% of the city to be part of a wildlife network

- 30% of the city to be covered with trees

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21
Q

How had change caused environmental challenges in Bristol?

A
  • Vacant industrial buildings have become derelict

- Demand for new homes has led to urban sprawl

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22
Q

What is an example of an abandoned building in Bristol?

A

Perry’s Carriage Works in Stokes Croft:

  • Housing built in the 19th Century for industrial workers
  • Became notorious for its derelict housing and abandoned properties
  • Has been taken over by squatters and the area has suffered from riots and antisocial behaviour
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23
Q

What is being done to improve Stokes Croft?

A
  • Activists and artists wanted to revitalise the area through community action and public art
  • It is now well known for its music, independent shops, nightclubs and graffiti art.
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24
Q

What is being done to reduce urban sprawl?

A
  • Focus on Brownfield, not Greenfield sites with by 2026 over 30 000 new homes are planned on brownfield sites
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25
Q

How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal?

A
  • Reducing the amount of waste that has to be sent to landfill sites
  • Reducing the amount of household waste generated per household by 15%
  • Increasing the amount of waste recycling to 50%
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26
Q

How has an increase in recycling rates in Bristol been achieved?

A
  • agreeing higher targets with contractors who handle household waste
  • teaching kids in school about the importance of recycling
  • making technological improvements in recycling
27
Q

Vehicle emissions are the main cause of air pollution in the city. What plans were put in place to reduce air pollution?

A
  • reducing speeds limits on motorways and in residential areas
  • The Frome Gateway, a walking and cycling route to the city centre
  • a smartphone app with info on public transport
28
Q

How does Bristols ‘poo-bus’ work?

A
  • The bus is powered by human waste and will transport people between bath and Bristol airport.
  • The bus will run on bio-methane gas produced at a sewage treatment works.
  • It can travel up to 300km on one tank of gas
29
Q

What are two contrasting areas of Bristol?

A

Filwood (deprived)

and Stoke Bishop

30
Q

What are some problems that residents of Filwood are facing?

A

Bullying, crime, drug use, lack of transport, dumped cars, poor environment

31
Q

Where is Nigeria?

A

On the coast of West Africa

it borders Cameroon, Niger, Chad and Benin

32
Q

What is the global importance of Nigeria?

A
  • In 2014 Nigeria became the worlds 21st largest economy
  • Nigeria supplies 2.7% of the worlds oil
  • The centre of Lagos is a thriving economic hub
33
Q

What is Nigerias importance within Africa?

A
  • in 2014 it had the third largest manufacturing sector in Africa
  • Has over 19 million cattle and has the largest farm output in Africa
34
Q

Why is Nigerias economy developing?

A
  • Rapid advances in technology
  • Greater concern for the environment
  • Many people speak english which gives potential growth for telecommunications
35
Q

How is manufacturing affecting economic development?

A
  • regular paid work gives people a more secure income

- a thriving industrial sector attracts foreign investment

36
Q

What is a transnational corporation? TNC

A

A large company that operates in several countries.

37
Q

Why do TNC’s locate in foreign countries?

A

In order to take advantage of:

  • tax incentives
  • cheaper labour
  • laxer environmental laws
  • access to a wider market
38
Q

what are some advantages of tnc’s in foreign countries?

A
  • provides employment
  • investment in local infrastructure and education
  • local companies benefit from orders
39
Q

what are some disadvantages of tnc’s?

A
  • local workers are sometimes poorly paid
  • working conditions are sometimes very poor
  • much of generated profit goes abroad
40
Q

What is nigeria’s social context?

A
  • multiethnic and multifaith country
  • the diverse culture has created conflict
  • the life expectancy is 52
41
Q

what are the regional variations in nigeria?

A
  • 60% of children in urban areas attend secondary school but only 36% of children in rural areas
42
Q

What is the cultural context of Nigeria?🎥🎵

A
  • Nigerian music is enjoyed across the continent

- Nigerian cinema (Nollywood) is the second largest film industry in the world

43
Q

What are Nigeria’s global trading relationships?

A

Main exports are: crude and refined petroleum, natural gas, rubber, cocoa and cotton.

Main imports: cars from Brazil, telephones, rice and wheat

44
Q

What are some facts about crude oil in Nigeria?

A
  • High quality oil that dominates Nigerias exports

- Nigerias oil is described as ‘sweet oil’ with less than 42% sulphur

45
Q

where is shells headquarters?

A

Headquarters are in the Netherlands

46
Q

What river does shell extract oil from?

A

the niger delta

47
Q

what benefits has shell bought to Nigeria’s economy?

A
  • providing direct employment for 65 000 nigerian workers
  • supports the growth of the energy sector in nigeria
  • giving 91% of shell contracts to nigerian companies
48
Q

what are the disadvantages of the oil developments and shell?

A
  • oil spills have caused water pollution and soil degradation which reduces agricultural production and fishing yields
  • frequent oil flares send toxic fumes into the air
  • oil theft are big problems in the region which reduces production levels and costs billions to restore every year
49
Q

what are the 2 main types of aid?

A

emergency aid

development aid

49
Q

what are the 2 main types of aid?

A

emergency aid

development aid

50
Q

how does nigeria benefit from aid?

A
  • aid from the usa helps to educate and protect people against the spread of HIV/AIDS
  • funds health programs
  • anti-mosquito nets from NGO’s
51
Q

What are the benefits of economic development for nigeria?

A
  • improvements to infrastructure such as roads
  • better quality health care with more doctors and better equipped hospitals
  • better access to safe water and sanitation
51
Q

What are the benefits of economic development for nigeria?

A
  • improvements to infrastructure such as roads
  • better quality health care with more doctors and better equipped hospitals
  • better access to safe water and sanitation
52
Q

what are examples of places in stage one (high fluctuating) of the DTM?

A

traditional rainforest tribes

53
Q

what are example of a place in stage 2 (early expanding) of the DTM?

A

Afganistan

54
Q

what are examples of places in stage 3 (late expanding) of the DTM?

A

India, Kenya, Brazil, Nigeria

55
Q

what are examples of places in stage 4 (low fluctuating) of the DTM?

A

USA, France, UK

56
Q

what are examples of places in stage 5 (natural increase) of the DTM?

A

Italy, germany, japan

57
Q

What are the different zones of rio and what is in them?

A

North zone- low quality housing and favelas, main industrial area
Centro- CBD, financial headquarters
South Zone- main tourist hotels and beaches such as Copacabana, wealthy area
West zone- main olympic stadium

58
Q

what are some types employment in rio?

A

tourism, retail, construction, steelworks

59
Q

what is an example of a favela in rio?

A

rocinha, the largest favela in rio

60
Q

what is an example of a favela in rio?

A

rocinha, the largest favela in rio

61
Q

as a result of improvement, what does rocinha now have?

A
  • Many houses with tv and refrigerators
  • schools, health facilities, private university
  • 90% of houses built with brick and electricity, running water and sewage systems
62
Q

What are 3 things that the favela bairro project achieved

A
  • paved and formally names roads
  • a pacifying police unit set up
  • access to water supply and drainage system

Geography (12 decks)

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