Human nutrition

Question 1

what are the 6 nutrients that humans need for a balanced diet

Answer 1

minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water

Question 2

what is one hting humans need but its not a nutrient

Answer 2

fibre

Question 3

what does the amount of energy we use depend on

Answer 3

age, gender, occupation (lifestyle)…

Question 4

what nutrients are startch and sugar included in

Answer 4

carbohydrates

Question 5

what do we need fats and oils for

Answer 5

to make cell membranes

Question 6

where do we store excess fats and oil

Answer 6

under the skin in adispose tissue

Question 7

benefits of fats and oils

Answer 7

act as an insulator, can form around organs, physically protecting them

Question 8

where do we get our fats and oils

Answer 8

oils, meat, eggs, dairy products, oily fish deu

Question 9

what do we need protein for

Answer 9

to build new cells, for growth

Question 10

what happens to proteins inside us

Answer 10

they are broken down into amino acids that are used to make other proteins

Question 11

where do we get our proteins

Answer 11

meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, peas, beans, nuts

Question 12

what are vitamins

Answer 12

organic substances

Question 13

do we need LOTS of vitamins

Answer 13

no, only in tiny amounts

Question 14

where is vitamin C found

Answer 14

in citrus fruits and raw vegetables

Question 15

deficiency disease for vitamin C

Answer 15

scurvy, bleeding from gums and other places

Question 16

where is vitamin D found

Answer 16

butter, egg yolk, sunlight

Question 17

why do we need vitamin C

Answer 17

to make collagen, keep tissues in good repair

Question 18

why do we nneed vitamin D

Answer 18

absorption of calcium, making bones & teeth

Question 19

deficiency disease for vitamin D

Answer 19

rickets

Question 20

what is water important for

Answer 20

its an important solvent in cytoplasm, metabolic reactions dont happen if the cell is dehydrated. the spaces between cells is also a watery liquid. water is also the liquid part of blod, its a solvent for enzymes and nutrients in the digestive system, gets rid of waste products

Question 21

what is fibre important for

Answer 21

to keep the digestive system working between the mouth and the anus

Question 22

what is peristalsis

Answer 22

rhythmic muscular contractions that move through food through the digestive system

Question 23

what is ingestion

Answer 23

taking food and drink into the mouth, using tongue, teeth and lips

Question 24

what is physical digestion

Answer 24

large pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces through mechanical means. food is then able to undergo chemical digestion

Question 25

what is chemical digestion

Answer 25

large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes. molecules must be small enough to pass into blood

Question 26

what is absorption

Answer 26

movement of small molecules and mineral ions through the walls of the intestine and into the blood

Question 27

what is assimilation

Answer 27

absorption of nutrients by individual cells and used for energy or to make new substances

Question 28

what is egestion

Answer 28

material that we cannot digest remains in our intestines and eventually is passed out as faeces

Question 29

in digestion, what happens in the mouth

Answer 29

teeth grind food to increase the surface area, tongue mixes the food with saliva forming the bolus that can be swallowed

Question 30

what enzyme digests startch

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

in digestion, what happens in the oesophagus

Answer 31

it takes food down into the stomach;

Question 32

what is the hole down the center of the oesophagus called

Answer 32

lumen

Question 33

how is the entrance to the stomach controlled?

Answer 33

its controlled by a sphincter muscle: opens to let food in then closes

Question 34

describe the location of the oesophagus and the trachea

Answer 34

they are next to each other, trachea is in front, close to the lungs. oesophagus is behind, closer to the stomach

Question 35

how does our body prevent food from going in out trachea

Answer 35

because of the epiglottis, that opens and closes so that food won’t go in the trachea

Question 36

what does the stomach do

Answer 36

the stomach is muscular walls that contract to mix food with mucus and enzymes. goblet cells secrete mucus, cells produce enzymes that break down protein, they also produce hydrochloric acid

Question 37

for how long can the stomach store food. what happens when it can no longer hold it

Answer 37

1-2 hours, then the sphincter opens to the duodenom

Question 38

how long is the small intestine

Answer 38

5m long

Question 39

what is the small intestine

Answer 39

its composed of two parts, the duodenom, that is the first part and is close to the stomach; and the ileum, that is the last part and nearest to the colon

Question 40

how long is the large intestine

Answer 40

1.5m long

Question 41

what is the large intestine

Answer 41

its composed of two parts. the colon, that absorbs water still left in food, and the rectum that stores undigested food as faeces

Question 42

what does the pancreas do

Answer 42

it secretes enzymes into the intestines

Question 43

what does the liver do

Answer 43

it creates bile, a liquid that helps to neutralise the acidic mixture from the stomach

Question 44

where is bile storedd

Answer 44

in the gall blader

Question 45

what happens when food enters the duodenom

Answer 45

bile flows through a bile duct and is mixed with the food