Characteristics of living things Flashcards
What are the factors that define if something is a living organism
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
what is a species
group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
what is a genus
species that are closely related
There are many ways of grouping living organisms. say what they are, form most specific to least specific
species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
What are the five groups of vertebrates
birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish
describe fish
scaly skin, gills throughout life, fins, eggs have no shells and are laid in water
describe amphibians
smooth skin, tadpoles have gills and adults have lungs, eggs have no shell and are laid in water, live in land and aquatic environments
describe reptiles
scally skin, lungs, eggs with soft shells, cold-blooded
describe birds
feathers, lungs, eggs with hard shells, beak
describe mammmals
fur, lungs, young grows in uterus, sweet glands and produce milk
what are arthropods
animals with jointed legs, no backbone but an exoskeleton
what are the four groups of arthropods
crustaceans, insects, myriapods, aracnids
describe insects
2 pairs of wings, breath through trachea, body divided in: head, thorax and abdomen, 1 pair of antennae
describe crustaceans
more than four pairs of jointed legs, 2 pairs of antennae
describe arachnids
four pairs of jointed legs, no antennae, body devided in cephalothorax and abdomen
describe myriapods
body composed of many similar segments, each segment has jointed legs, one pair of antennae
are viruses living organisms? why?
no because they need a host to survive
what do viruses have and what do they not have
they have a protein coat and genetic material. they dotn have most organelles
describe the viral infection sequence
virus particle infects the cell, releases its genetic material, cell produces viral components, virus particles are assembled, virus particles are released
how may a virus particle destroy a cell
by rupturing its membrane
how do plants get energy
photosynthesis
what is the equation for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O –> O2 + C6H12O6
why is chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis
to capture energy from sunlight and transfer it to H2O AND CO2 molecules
how is glucose produced in photosynthesis
plants capture energy from sunlight and transfer it to H2O and CO2 molecules. that energy makes the substances react, forming glucose
what is photosynthesis
process in which plants synthesize carbohydrats from raw materials using energy from light
in what form is glucose stored in plants
startch and/or cellulose
what do plants need glucose for (give 4 examples)
to produce cellulose for cell walls, to make nectar, for active transport and growth, to create amino acids and other substances
where does photosynthesis happen in plants?
in the cells of leaves, in chloroplasts
describe leaves
flat, attached to stem by a leaf stalk, thin large surface area
how is water brought to the leaves
through xylem vessels
how are the tissues of a leaf
thin but made of layers of specialized cells
what are four factors that affect photosynthesis
supply of raw materials, quantity of sunlight, temperature, amount of chlorophyll in the leaf
what is destartching
leaving a plant in the dark for long enough for it to use up its starch stores
