Human Nervous system Flashcards
what do all animals need to do in order to survive in their environments
respond
what are coordinating systems
systems that allow communication between the receptors and the effectors of the body so that correct reactions to any change in the environment can be bought about
what are the 2 coordinating systems that humans have
- nervous co-ordinating system
- endocrine co-ordinating system
what is the nervous system
the bodys control and comms centre
*constant flow between the environment, the brain and different parts of the body
how does the nervous system function?
- sensory function= sensory receptors that detect changes in the external environment
- integration function= central nervous system receives the information and decides which effectors need stimulus
- motor function= effectors bring about appropriate responses
what are stimuli
physical or chemical changes in the environment which are capable of causing a response in an organism
what are some examples of different external stimuli
light
temperature
sounds
atmospheric pressure
what are some examples of internal stimuli
blood pressure
tension in muscles
blood pH
what is the central nervous system (CNS) made up of
a concentrated mass if interconnected neurons that are grouped together to form
- the brain
- the spinal cord
what’re the brain and spinal cord responsible for
- processing all the info from our senses
- keeping our organs and reflexes functioning
- directing our movements, thoughts and feelings
how is the central nervous system protected
-3 connective tissue membranes called meninges
-space between 2nd and 3rd layer acts as a cusion
-the skull
what is cerebro-spinal fluid
a fluid formed from blood plasma in special area in the walls of the ventricles(spaces in the brain)
what is the brain
upper part of the spinal cord that is enclosed in a bony cranium
what is the structure near the top of the brainstem called
the cerebellum
what is the structure near the lower part of the brainstem called
medulla oblongata
what is the mass thatholds together the two hemispheres of the brain together
corpus callosum
which is a mass of myelinated nerve fibres that are bundled into large tracts
what are the folds on the surface of the cerebrum for
to enlarge the surface area so that a large amount of brain cells can fit into a small cavity
what do the outer 3mm of the cerebrum form?
the cerebral cortex
what is the frontal lobes function
- memory
- emotions
- intellegence
-voluntary movements - imagination
- judgement
- reasoning
what is the function of the parietal lobe
- sensory
- spelling
- skin sensations
- interprets hot&cold
what is the function of the temporal lobe
- speech
- language
- memory
- sound
- smell
- taste
what is the function of the occipital lobe
- vision
why is the cerebellum called ‘the tree of life’
white matter of the cerebellum looks like branches of a tree and the grey matter looks like the leaves (foliage)
what are the functions of the cerebellum
- processes information and uses it to coordinate the actions of the voluntary muscles
- controlling muscle tone
- uses information from inner ear to help maintain posture and balance