Human movement from an anatomical perspective Flashcards
What is human anatomy - focus of study
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans… especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts
- organs, tissues, cells
what is comparative anatomy?
How does the anatomy of one species compare to others?
functional anatomy
How does the structure of a particular organ or system relate to its function
evolutionary anatomy
How have specific anatomical structures evolved over time?
developmental anatomy/embryology)
How do organs and systems develop from fertilization to adulthood?
What is Empiricism
Get to know things through your senses
- observations and experiments are important to understand the world (collecting data, direct observation)
What is Reductionism
Breaking complex things into simpler components
Therefore can gain knowledge about the body through observation, dissection, imaging technologies.
How do we know anatomy epistemology is correct?
- Through peer review
- Replication
-Application in medical or physiological contexts.
what do we use for Anatomy methodology?
Tools
Study design
Data analysis
What tools do we use for anatomy methodology?
Scalpels for dissection
- microscopes for histology
-Imagining technologies
How do we use Study design in anatomy
Observational studies (common in cadaveric dissection)
Comparative anatomy- between species or groups of people.
How do we use anatomy through analysis?
- Qualitative (measurements) description
- Morphometric analysis (shape and form)
- Computational methods (3D reconstruction and imaging)
What is materialism in Anatomy- metaphysics
- The universe it made of matter
- All things (including mental states) are the result of interactions between other things made of matter (a mental state comes about because brain cells fire)
- Focuses on physical structures that can be seen and measured.
What is determinism?
Assumes events in the natural world have causes that are discoverable.
Anatomy Ontology (Nature of being)
- Rooted in Physicalism
-EVERYTHING THAT EXISTS HAS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (E.G. COLOR, TEXTURE, ETC.) AND OBEYS PHYSICAL LAWS INCLUDING CONSCIOUSNESS AND MENTAL STATES (E.G. THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS). - Anatomical structures have physical existence.
- Where is one structure relative to another
Term- Hierarchy of Structural Organization
Human body can be understood at different levels of complexity, from
atoms to the organism as a whole
Interrelation of Structure and Function
Organ structure is closely tied to its function
Bilateral Symmetry
the left and right halves of the body are largely mirror images of each other, though not
perfectly symmetrical
Compartmentalization
The body splits into different cavities that house specific organs and systems
Variability
Individual variations in anatomy occur. Organ placement, size, or presence can vary.
Integration
Systems of the body work together
Plasticity
Some organs can adapt to stresses and demands (muscle, brain, etc.)
Proximal-Distal Tapering
Human limbs taper, with larger and heavier bones located proximally (closer to the body’s
center) and smaller, lighter ones distally (further from the center)
EG: Allowing for efficient and rapid limb movements by reducing the torque needed for motion, making the proximal structures
stronger, and giving the distal structures more dexterity
Specialization
Certain cells, tissues, or organs evolved to perform specific functions, which allows for increased
efficiency and functionality.
