Human Microbiome Flashcards
1
Q
human microbiota
A
- all of the microbes inhabiting the human body
- composed of bacteria, fungi, archaebacteria, protists, and viruses
2
Q
human microbiome
A
- the collective genome of the microbes living in and on the body
- the community of microbes inhabiting our bodies
3
Q
commensal
A
bacteria benefit host is unafffected
4
Q
mutualistic
A
-both bacteria and humans benefit, this is what is thought of a lot of our microbiome
5
Q
microbial cloud
A
-some bacteria gets aerosolized and can inhabit the area around where we are standing/sitting
6
Q
most of our microbiome lives
A
in our gut
7
Q
what area of our bodies are sterile?
A
uterus
- bladder
- CNS/spinal fluid
- blood
8
Q
what do microbes gain from us?
A
nutrients
- shelter
- dispersal
9
Q
what do humans gain from microbes
A
- protection from pathogens
- production of essential vitamins (K)
- maximum value from digestion
- development and regulation of the immune system
- metabolic regulation
- barrier
10
Q
what happens in the gut between microbes
A
- lots of signalling between microbiome, epithelial cells, and pathogens
- this can cause a response when via paneth cells
11
Q
metabolic functions of the symbiotic relationship
A
- synthesis of vitamins (K)
- harvest maximal energy through digestion (fermentation of complex polysaccharides)
- control of gut epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation
12
Q
immune and structural functions of symbiotic relationship
A
- immune system development and immunomodulation
- enhancement of intestinal barrier integrity (tight junctions)
- prevention of intestinal barrier dysfunction
- induction of IgA antibodies
13
Q
protective functions of symbiotic relationship
A
- competition for niche
- competition for nutrients
- production of anti-microbial factors and peptides
14
Q
how can dysbiosis occur?
A
- ideal bacteria never introduced into or maintained in the gut (hygeine, C section, formula)
- symbiotic bacteria reduced or lost entirely from gut (diet, antibiotics)
15
Q
during normal delivery
A
- infant first exposed to birth canal microbes
- initial colonization of gut by ideal microbiota
- normal development and education of the immune system
