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Biology Class 12 > Human Health And Disease > Flashcards

Human Health And Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Salmonella typhoon generally affect which organ?

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

Symptoms of typhoid?

A
  1. Sustained high fever(39-40C)
  2. Abdominal pain
  3. Weakness
  4. Loss of appetite
  5. Headache
  6. Intestinal perforation and death in severe cases
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3
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia?

A 
Fever
Chills
Cough 
Headache
Lips and fingernails turn gray to bluish in severe cases
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4
Q

List bacterial diseases in man

A 
Typhoid
Pneumonia
Dysentery
Diphtheria 
Plague
Cholera
Tetanus
Leprosy
Polio
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5
Q

Symptoms of common cold?

A 
Nasal congestion and discharge
Sore throat
Hoarseness
Cough
Headache
Tiredness
These symptoms last for 3-7 days
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6
Q

Plasmodium infection destroys which cells of the blood?

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells

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7
Q

Ways of plasmodium infection

A

Bite of female Anopheles mosquito
Vertical transmission through placental defect
Blood transfusion

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8
Q

First location of multiplication of sporozoites in humans

A

Liver cells

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9
Q

How do the parasites reproduce in the liver cells?

A

Asexually

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10
Q

How do the parasites multiply in the RBCs?

A

Asexually

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11
Q

Where are the sexual stages of sporozoites formed? What are they called?

A

In RBCs, gametocytes

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12
Q

Sporozoites are for aged in which part of the mosquito?

A

In the gut ( motile zygote formed here)

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13
Q

Where are parasites of the plasmodium stored in the mosquito?

A

Salivary gland

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14
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is a parasite of which part of the body?

A

Large intestine

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15
Q

Symptoms of amoebiasis.

A

Constipation
Abdominal pain and cramps
Stools with excess mucus and blood clots

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16
Q

Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon what parts of the colon?

A

Erythrocytes, mucosa and sub mucosa of the colon

17
Q

What serves as the mechanical carrier of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Houseflies

18
Q

Main source of infection of amoebiasis?

A

Food contamination by faecal matter

19
Q

Symptoms of ascariasis?

A 
Internal bleeding
Muscular pain
Anemia
Fever
Blockage of the intestinal passage
20
Q

The pathogen of filariasis is transmitted by ?

A

Bite of female mosquito vectors (culex)

21
Q

Gambusia fish feeds on what?

A

Mosquito larvae

22
Q

Main barrier which prevents the entry of micro organisms in the body?

A

Skin

23
Q

Examples of physical barrier?

A

Skin and mucus

24
Q

Examples of physiological barriers?

A

Acid in stomach
Saliva in mouth
Tears from eyes

25
Q

Examples of cellular barriers

A

PMNL - neutrophils
Monocytes
Natural killer cells
Macrophages

26
Q

Natural killer cells is a type of which kind of cell?

A

Type of lymphocytes

27
Q

Interferons are secreted by which cells?

A

Virus infected cells to protect non- infected cell from further viral infection

28
Q

Chemical nature of antibodies?

A

Glycoproteins

29
Q

Injecting dead microbes or other proteins is which kind of immunity?

A

Active

30
Q

Symptoms of allergy

A

Sneezing
Running nose
Watery eyes
Difficulty in breathing

31
Q

What chemicals are release during allergy and from where

A

Histamine and serotonin

From mast cells

32
Q

Drugs given to reduce symptoms of allergy?

A

Anti histamine
Adrenalin
Steroids

33
Q

Appendix is a part of which system of the body?

A

Lymphatic ( not digestive)

34
Q

Role of secondary lymphoid of organs.

A

Provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells

35
Q

Bone marrow and thymus provide micro environment for?

A

Development and maturation of lymphocytes

36
Q

Functions and description of spleen

A

Large bean shaped organ
Contains lymphocytes and phagocytes
Filtering of blood by trapping blood borne micro organisms
Reservoir of erythrocytes

37
Q

Ionising radiations eg

A

X rays and gamma rays

38
Q

No ionising radiations eg

A

UV rays

39
Q

Biological response modifiers given to cancer patients

A

Alpha interferons

Biology Class 12 (3 decks)

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