Human Health And Disease Flashcards
Salmonella typhoon generally affect which organ?
Small intestine
Symptoms of typhoid?
- Sustained high fever(39-40C)
- Abdominal pain
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Intestinal perforation and death in severe cases
Symptoms of pneumonia?
Fever Chills Cough Headache Lips and fingernails turn gray to bluish in severe cases
List bacterial diseases in man
Typhoid Pneumonia Dysentery Diphtheria Plague Cholera Tetanus Leprosy Polio
Symptoms of common cold?
Nasal congestion and discharge Sore throat Hoarseness Cough Headache Tiredness These symptoms last for 3-7 days
Plasmodium infection destroys which cells of the blood?
Macrophages and dendritic cells
Ways of plasmodium infection
Bite of female Anopheles mosquito
Vertical transmission through placental defect
Blood transfusion
First location of multiplication of sporozoites in humans
Liver cells
How do the parasites reproduce in the liver cells?
Asexually
How do the parasites multiply in the RBCs?
Asexually
Where are the sexual stages of sporozoites formed? What are they called?
In RBCs, gametocytes
Sporozoites are for aged in which part of the mosquito?
In the gut ( motile zygote formed here)
Where are parasites of the plasmodium stored in the mosquito?
Salivary gland
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasite of which part of the body?
Large intestine
Symptoms of amoebiasis.
Constipation
Abdominal pain and cramps
Stools with excess mucus and blood clots
Entamoeba histolytica feeds upon what parts of the colon?
Erythrocytes, mucosa and sub mucosa of the colon
What serves as the mechanical carrier of Entamoeba histolytica?
Houseflies
Main source of infection of amoebiasis?
Food contamination by faecal matter
Symptoms of ascariasis?
Internal bleeding Muscular pain Anemia Fever Blockage of the intestinal passage
The pathogen of filariasis is transmitted by ?
Bite of female mosquito vectors (culex)
Gambusia fish feeds on what?
Mosquito larvae
Main barrier which prevents the entry of micro organisms in the body?
Skin
Examples of physical barrier?
Skin and mucus
Examples of physiological barriers?
Acid in stomach
Saliva in mouth
Tears from eyes
Examples of cellular barriers
PMNL - neutrophils
Monocytes
Natural killer cells
Macrophages
Natural killer cells is a type of which kind of cell?
Type of lymphocytes
Interferons are secreted by which cells?
Virus infected cells to protect non- infected cell from further viral infection
Chemical nature of antibodies?
Glycoproteins
Injecting dead microbes or other proteins is which kind of immunity?
Active
Symptoms of allergy
Sneezing
Running nose
Watery eyes
Difficulty in breathing
What chemicals are release during allergy and from where
Histamine and serotonin
From mast cells
Drugs given to reduce symptoms of allergy?
Anti histamine
Adrenalin
Steroids
Appendix is a part of which system of the body?
Lymphatic ( not digestive)
Role of secondary lymphoid of organs.
Provide the sites for interaction of lymphocytes with the antigen, which then proliferate to become effector cells
Bone marrow and thymus provide micro environment for?
Development and maturation of lymphocytes
Functions and description of spleen
Large bean shaped organ
Contains lymphocytes and phagocytes
Filtering of blood by trapping blood borne micro organisms
Reservoir of erythrocytes
Ionising radiations eg
X rays and gamma rays
No ionising radiations eg
UV rays
Biological response modifiers given to cancer patients
Alpha interferons
