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NCE > Human Growth & Development > Flashcards

Human Growth & Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is nature vs nurture?

A

Nature refers to genetic and heredity influences while nurture refers to how you were raised and your environment

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2
Q

Biological / physical theorists stress…

A

You inherit thousands of genes from parents

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories are based on the work of these 4 people…

A

Freud, Jung, Adler, and Erikson

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4
Q

Adler

A

Birth Order

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5
Q

Erikson

A

8 step epigenetic psychosocial theory that encompasses entire lifespan

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6
Q

Freud (1856-1939)

A
  • Father of Psychoanalysis
  • Believed to have more of an impact than any other theorist
  • Wrote “The Interpretation of Dreams” in 1900. “Bible of psychoanalysis”
  • Dream is “the royal road to the unconscious mind”
  • Author of the most comprehensive theory in history (work filling 24 volumes)
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7
Q

Oedipus vs Elektra complex. These terms refer to…

A

Freud’s belief that boys are attractd to their mothers, females to their father’s (respectively)

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8
Q

Freud’s 3 parts of psyche (Structural Theory)

A

Id, Ego, Superego

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9
Q

Id

A

Pleasure principal. All instincts inherited at birth. Seeks satisfaction of instinctual needs. Chaotic

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10
Q

Superego

A

Moral and ethical standards person tries to reach. “Perfect person.” Acts as conscience.

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11
Q

Ego

A

Keeps ego and superego in check. Maintains balance. Dominated by reality principle. Mediates between person and reality.

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12
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs, in which lower physiological needs must be met (not nec supported)

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13
Q

Piaget

A

1 name in theory of cognitive development

Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Preoperational stage (2-6)
Concrete Operational Stage (6-11) *conservation
Formal Operational Stage (11-15) *child thinks in abstract manner

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14
Q

Phrenology refers to

A

Belief that mental faculties correspond with bumps on the skull

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15
Q

Mesmer was the precursor to Freud. He believed in…

A

Using magnets to heal people. Coined the term “hypnotism.”

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16
Q

Catharsis refers to…

A

“The talking cure” or the curative effect of talking about problems / emotions to purge them out

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17
Q

Free Association

A

Freud’s term for the exercise where patients say the first word that comes to their mind

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18
Q

Manifest content in dream analysis refers to…

A

The dream itself

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19
Q

Latent content in dream analysis refers to…

A

What a dream is interpreted to mean (unconsciously)

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20
Q

A dynamic theory refers to

A

A theory that focuses on the energy or mental forces in the mind

21
Q

Freud’s psychoanalysis is best suited for…

A
  • People who have a great deal of time and money to invest in the process (long, drawn-out, slow, expensive) (ex of typical schedule: 3-5 times a week for 3 years)
  • People who are not making any major life changes
  • Motivated individuals
  • NOT the approach of choice for crisis cases
22
Q

Libido

A

The energy of all life instincts, according to Freud

23
Q

Topographical Hypothesis - (early Freud contribution…)

A

Asserts that personality is made up on conscious, preconscious, and unconscious (largest part of mind).

24
Q

Freudians believe his theory of the unconscious mind is supported by these 4 human behaviors

A

Dreams, slips of the tongue, free association, and projective measures

25
Q

Freud’s view of human behavior is referred to as “deterministic”, because behavior is determined by these 4 things…

A

Biological drives, instincts, psychosexual stages, and irrational unconscious forces

26
Q

Ego defense mechanisms, according to Freud serves these purposes…

A
  • Conceal the real source of anxiety from the self
  • Keep ego from becoming overwhelmed
  • Denies or distorts reality
  • Happens in the unconscious
27
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Repression refers to…

A

When a painful or threatening thought or memory is blocked from memory. Automatic / Involuntary. Said to be most important defense mechanism.

28
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Suppression refers to…

A

When a person consciously chooses not to think of something. Differs from repression in that it is not automatic and is therefore not always counted as one of Freud’s mechanisms of defense.

29
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Reaction formation is when someone…

A

Replace threatening or anxiety provoking impulse with it’s opposite

30
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Regression refers to…

A

When someone reverts to a behavior the he or she has outgrown. Individual goes back to a time when he or she felt secure.

31
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Rationalization refers to…

A

Attempt to excuse behavior with a socially acceptable reason.

32
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Projection refers to…

A

DIslike something in yourself so you falsely attribute it to someone else

33
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Displacement

A

Object is to find a safe target for your feelings

34
Q

(Ego defense mechanism) Sublimation

A

Unacceptable/unconscious urge is channeled into a socially acceptable manner (someone who likes violence becomes a boxer)

35
Q

Goal of Freudian Therapy is…

A

To give the patient insight to understand and control unconscious motivation. Overcome resistance

36
Q

Resistance is

A

Attempt not to deal with unconscious motivations

37
Q

Transference

A

Patient reacts to therapist as if they are a significant someone from past.
Positive transference = positive feelings
negative transference = negative feelings

38
Q

Ambivalent transference

A

Implies client treats counselor like anybody else in an authority position (used in multicultural counseling)

39
Q

Countertransference

A

Therapist has unresolved issues from the past. Counselor reacts to the client as if they are someone from the past. Gets in the way of objectivity.

40
Q

Karl Jung (1875-1961)

A
  • Broke away from Freud as he felt there was an overemphasis on the sexual part of the libido
  • Father of Analytic Psychology
  • Disagreed with Freud’s negative view of mankind
  • Saw libido more general, not just sexual
  • Referred to as “The Father of the Modern Study of Adult Development” because he felt that the personality continued to develop into the adult years (unlike Freud)
41
Q

Jung’s key concepts

A
  • We all possess a collective unconscious mind, across cultures, filled with archetypes
  • Behavioral repertoire we have inherited over time
  • Archetypes are symbols in unconscious mind that represent the same thing to anybody, anywhere in world, regardless of time period
  • Personal unconscious of repressed material
  • “Persona” social mask that hides deep feelings
  • We all have a “shadow” behind our masks which consists hidden personal characteristics
  • We are all androgynous (male and female characteristics)
42
Q

Anima

A

Feminine side of personality in men

43
Q

Animus

A

Masculine side of personality in woman

44
Q

Jung’s term “self” refers to…

A

Encompassing the entire psyche

45
Q

Jung postulated that…

A

Societal norms teach us all to suppress the anima or animus

46
Q

Individuation

A

Strive to reach our maximum potential. Jung saw this as the driving force for human beings.

47
Q

Other things Jung is remembered for include…

A
  • Concepts of Introversion vs. Extraversion, as seen on MBTI.
  • Word Association Test
  • Father of Analytical Psychology
48
Q

Alfred Adler (1870-1937)

A
  • Rejected sexual theory of neurosis
  • Emphasizes social factors. Humans try to become members of a group.
  • Will to power / The Striving for Superiority are the major sources of drive for humans
  • We are NOT sexual creatures
  • Inferiority complex / “We use compensation to try to deal with inferiority”
49
Q

Adlerian’s stress the importance of…

A
  • Earliest memory
  • Birth order and lifestyle
  • Sibling interaction could have more impact than parent interactions
  • Lifestyle is a self fulfilling prophecy based on how we see ourselves

NCE (8 decks)

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