Human Growth And Devolopment Flashcards
What is human development?
The process of physical, cognitive, and social growth throughout the lifespan.
True or False: Development is a continuous process.
True
What are the four primary domains of development?
Physical, cognitive, emotional, and social.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the changes in an individual’s thought processes and understanding.
Cognitive development
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget
What is the first stage of Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
Sensorimotor stage
At what age does the concrete operational stage occur according to Piaget?
7 to 11 years old
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of the preoperational stage? A) Logical thinking B) Symbolic play C) Conservation D) Abstract reasoning
B) Symbolic play
True or False: Erik Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development include eight stages.
True
What is the primary challenge during the stage of ‘Identity vs. Role Confusion’?
Developing a personal identity.
Fill in the blank: The __________ stage of development, according to Erikson, occurs during ages 0-1.
Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the focus of the ‘Intimacy vs. Isolation’ stage?
Forming intimate relationships.
Who is known for the theory of moral development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
What is the first level of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
Pre-conventional level
Multiple Choice: At which stage do individuals follow rules to avoid punishment? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 3 C) Stage 5 D) Stage 6
A) Stage 1
True or False: Developmental milestones are benchmarks of typical development.
True
What is attachment theory primarily concerned with?
The bond between infants and their caregivers.
Fill in the blank: __________ attachment is characterized by distress when separated from the caregiver.
Secure
What type of attachment is marked by avoidance of the caregiver?
Avoidant attachment
Who developed the attachment theory?
John Bowlby
What is the term for the period of rapid brain growth that occurs in the first three years of life?
Critical period
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson’s psychosocial development? A) Autonomy vs. Shame B) Initiative vs. Guilt C) Acceptance vs. Rejection D) Generativity vs. Stagnation
C) Acceptance vs. Rejection
True or False: Adolescence is defined as the period between ages 10 and 19.
True
What is the primary focus during adolescence according to Erikson?
Identity formation.
Fill in the blank: The __________ theory emphasizes the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development.
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
What does the term ‘nature vs. nurture’ refer to?
The debate over the relative contributions of genetics and environment to human development.
Multiple Choice: Which factor is considered part of the ‘nurture’ side of the debate? A) Genetics B) Environment C) Hormones D) DNA
B) Environment
True or False: The prenatal stage lasts from conception to birth.
True
What are teratogens?
Substances that can cause malformation or harm to a developing fetus.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the stage of development from birth to 2 years.
Infancy
What is the primary task in the toddler stage according to Erikson?
Developing autonomy.
Who is associated with the concept of ‘crystallized intelligence’?
Cattell
What is ‘fluid intelligence’?
The ability to solve new problems and think logically in novel situations.
Multiple Choice: Which age group is typically associated with the peak of physical performance? A) 20s B) 30s C) 40s D) 50s
A) 20s
True or False: Aging has no impact on cognitive functions.
False
What is the term for the gradual decline in physical and cognitive abilities due to aging?
Senescence
Fill in the blank: __________ is the term for the emotional bond between a child and their caregiver.
Attachment
What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?
Understanding how people grow and change throughout life.
True or False: The lifespan perspective suggests that development is a lifelong process.
True
What does ‘developmental task’ refer to?
A skill or ability that individuals must accomplish at a specific stage of development.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of late adulthood? A) Increased independence B) Cognitive decline C) Peak physical health D) Increased social activity
B) Cognitive decline
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the physical and emotional changes associated with aging.
Gerontology
What is the role of the amygdala in development?
Regulating emotions and processing emotional responses.
True or False: Adolescents are more likely to engage in risk-taking behavior compared to adults.
True
What is the term for the tendency to seek out novel experiences during adolescence?
Sensation-seeking
Fill in the blank: The __________ stage of development, according to Erikson, occurs during ages 1-3.
Autonomy vs. Shame
Who developed the concept of the ‘zone of proximal development’?
Lev Vygotsky
What is the significance of play in child development?
Play facilitates cognitive, social, and emotional development.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of play? A) Solitary B) Parallel C) Cooperative D) Competitive
D) Competitive
True or False: The ability to delay gratification is an important aspect of emotional regulation.
True
What is the term for the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions?
Emotional intelligence
Fill in the blank: __________ development is influenced by both biological and environmental factors.
Social
What is the influence of parenting styles on child development?
Parenting styles can significantly affect a child’s behavior, self-esteem, and emotional well-being.
Multiple Choice: Which parenting style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands? A) Authoritative B) Authoritarian C) Permissive D) Neglectful
A) Authoritative
True or False: Securely attached children tend to have better social skills.
True
What is the term for the gradual process through which children learn social norms and values?
Socialization
Fill in the blank: The __________ stage of development focuses on basic trust and security.
Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the primary focus of geriatric psychology?
Understanding the psychological aspects of aging and the elderly.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is associated with cognitive aging? A) Increased memory capacity B) Slower reaction times C) Enhanced problem-solving skills D) Improved multitasking abilities
B) Slower reaction times
True or False: Developmental theories are universally accepted and agreed upon.
False
What does the term ‘lifespan development’ encompass?
The study of how people grow and change from conception to death.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the stage of development that occurs from ages 6 to 12.
Middle childhood
What is the role of culture in human development?
Culture shapes values, beliefs, and practices that influence development.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key concept in Vygotsky’s theory? A) Cognitive stages B) Social learning C) Identity crisis D) Moral reasoning
B) Social learning
True or False: Adolescents are less influenced by peers than younger children.
False
What is the impact of divorce on children?
Children may experience emotional distress, changes in behavior, and academic challenges.
Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the emotional and psychological adjustment to the aging process.
Successful aging
What is the term for the effects of aging on physical health?
Physiological aging
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common cognitive change in older adults? A) Increased attention span B) Enhanced creativity C) Decline in processing speed D) Improved memory recall
C) Decline in processing speed
True or False: The concept of ‘nature’ includes environmental influences.
False
What is the significance of adolescence in human development?
It is a critical period for identity formation and social relationships.
