Human Growth and Development - Purple Book Flashcards
Frued’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are…
psychosocial
What are the Freudian stages (in order)?
a. oral
b. anal
c. phallic
d. latency
e. genital
What occurs during Freud’s oral stage?
a. the first stage of psychosexual development, occupying the 1st year of life, in which the libido is concentrated on the mouth as the principal erotic zone.
b. The stage is divided into the early oral-sucking phase, during which gratification is achieved by sucking the nipple during feeding,
c. and the later oral-biting phase, when gratification is also achieved by biting.
d. Fixation during each of these phases is posited to cause a particular type of oral personality
What occurs during Freud’s anal stage?
a. the second stage of psychosexual development, typically occurring during the 2nd year of life,
b. in which the child’s interest and sexual pleasure are focused on the expulsion and retention of feces and the sadistic instinct is linked to the desire to both possess and destroy the object.
What occurs during Freud’s phallic stage?
a. the third stage of psychosexual development beginning around age 3,
b. libido is focused on the genital area (penis or clitoris) and discovery and manipulation of the body become a major source of pleasure.
c. During this period, boys are posited to experience castration anxiety, girls to experience penis envy, and both to experience the Oedipus complex.
What occurs during Freud’s latency stage?
a. the stage of psychosexual development in which overt sexual interest is sublimated and the child’s attention is focused on skills and peer activities with members of his or her own sex.
b. This stage is posited to last from the resolution of the Oedipus complex, at about age 6, to the onset of puberty.
What occurs during Freud’s genital stage?
in classical psychoanalytic theory, the final stage of psychosexual development, ideally reached in puberty, when the Oedipus complex has been fully resolved and erotic interest and activity are focused on intercourse with a sexual partner.
What does Erik Erikson’s eight stages focus on?
social relationships
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists…
believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior
In the counseling process what does psychodynamic theories focus on?
unconscious processes
What characteristics make up the id?
a. seat of sex and aggression.
b. It is not rational or logical
c. void of time orientation
d. chaotic and concerned only with the body not with the outside world
What did Freud emphasize?
importance of the id
What did Erikson emphasize?
ego functions
What characteristics make up the ego?
a. logical, rational
b. uses the power of reasoning and control to keep impulses in check
What characteristics make up the superego?
moralistic and idealistic portions of the personality
Who is the only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span?
Erik Erikson
Erikson and Freud are both…
psychoanalysts
How many stages are in Erikson’s developmental theory
consists of 8 stages in which each stage represents a psychosocial crisis or a turning point
What is represented in each of Erikson’s stages?
psychosocial crisis or turning point.
What are the stages (in order) of Erikson’s developmental theory?
a. Infancy – Basic trust versus mistrust
b. Toddler – Autonomy versus shame and doubt
c. Preschool-age – Initiative versus guilt
d. School-age – Industry versus inferiority
e. Adolescence – Identity versus identity confusion
f. Young adulthood – Intimacy versus isolation
g. Middle age – Generativity versus stagnation
h. Older adulthood – Integrity versus despair
Who is the leading name in cognitive development in children?
Jean Piaget
How many stages are in Piaget’s developmental theory?
4
What are Piaget’s stages based on?
epigenesis or the notion that successfully completing a previous stage is necessary for the stages that transpire next
Who created psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of…
Sigmund Freud
In Freudian theory what is the id called and what does it house
a. called pleasure principle
b. houses animalistic instincts
In Freudian theory, what is the ego called?
reality principle
What pressures the ego to succumb to pleasure or gratification regardless of consequences?
Id
What does the id do to the ego?
The id pressures the ego to succumb to pleasure or gratification regardless of consequences
Who is considered a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement?
Arnold Lazarus
What behavioral technique did Arnold Lazarus pioneer?
Systematic desensitization
What is systematic desensitization?
a. A technique which clients cope with phobia
b. a form of behavior therapy in which counterconditioning is used to reduce anxiety associated with a particular stimulus.
Currently what is Arnold Lazarus associated with?
Multimodal therapy
What is Robert Perry known for?
His ideas related to adult cognitive development, especially regarding college students
What concept is Robert Perry known for?
Dualistic thinking
What is dualistic thinking
States that things are conceptualized as good or bad or right and wrong
What is dualism?
Black and white thinking with virtually no ambiguity
In what population is dualistic thinking common in?
Teens
What is relativistic thinking?
a. Ability to perceive that not everything is right or wrong but an answer can exist relative to a specific situation
b. There is more than one way to view the world
What population is relativistic thinking common in?
Adults
As teens move into adulthood they move away from what type of thinking and move towards what type of thinking?
a. Away from dualistic thinking
b. Towards relativistic thinking
Robert Kegan is known in what area?
Adult cognitive development
What does Kegan’s model stress?
Interpersonal development
What is Kegan’s model known as?
Constructive model of development, meaning that individuals construct reality throughout the life span
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is…
a. Sensorimotor
b. Pre-operations
c. Concrete operations
d. Formal operations
What do idiographic approaches to theories do?
Examine individuals (not groups of people) in depth
What are some examples of idiographic approaches?
a. Freud’s theory
b. Piaget’s theory
What do nomothetic approaches to theories do?
Studies large numbers of people to create general principles that apply to the population
What are examples of nomothetic approaches?
a. Behaviorism
b. DSM
According to Piaget’s developmental theory, what stays the same in this theory and what varies
a. Order of stages remains the same for any culture
b. Age of the individual in each stage varies
