Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Frued’s Psychosexual Stages
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital
Erik Erikson’s Stages
trust vs mistrust (infancy); autonomy vs shame and doubt (Early Childhood); initiative vs guilt (Preschool); industry vs inferiority (school age); identity vs role confusion (adolescence); intimacy vs isolation (young adult); generativity vs stagnation (middle adult); integrity vs despair (older adult)
Ego psychologists believe
man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior
Who created a developmental theory that encompasses the entire life span
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget’s Stages
Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations
Tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered…
Conservation
Conservation refers to
Volume or mass
Conservation is mastered in what Piagetian stage
Concrete operations
Who expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg
Jean Piaget concept of reversibility
one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape
Egocentrism
child cannot view the world from the vantage point of someone else
Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development
Preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Heinz dilemma
Used by Kohlberg to assess level and stage of moral development.
Term identity crisis comes from work of
Erikson
Preconventional level: moral behavior guided by
consequences
Conventional level: moral behavior guided by
desire to live up to society’s expectations and desire to conform
Postconventional level: moral behavior guided by
self-imposed morals and ethics
Lev Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development
Difference between child’s performance without a teacher versus that which he/she is capable of with an instructor
What psychiatrist associated with bonding and attachment
John Bowlby
Researcher known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkies
Harry Harlow
Kohlberg 6 stages of moral development
Punishment/obedience orientation; naïve hedonism orientation; good boy/good girl orientation; authority, law, order orientation; democratically accepted law; principles of self-conscience and universal ethics
Who researched matter of depth perception in children using a visual cliff
Eleanor Gibson
When did elementary school counseling and guidance services begin to gain momentum
1960s
Which theorist stated that aggression is an inborn tendency
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting
instinct in which newborn will follow moving objects
Who created the hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Assimilation
Taking in new information
Accommodation
Modification of child’s cognitive structures (schemas) to deal with new information
Equilibration
balance between assimilation and accommodation
