Human Growth and Development

Question 1

Frued’s Psychosexual Stages

Answer 1

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital

Question 2

Erik Erikson’s Stages

Answer 2

trust vs mistrust (infancy); autonomy vs shame and doubt (Early Childhood); initiative vs guilt (Preschool); industry vs inferiority (school age); identity vs role confusion (adolescence); intimacy vs isolation (young adult); generativity vs stagnation (middle adult); integrity vs despair (older adult)

Question 3

Ego psychologists believe

Answer 3

man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior

Question 4

Who created a developmental theory that encompasses the entire life span

Answer 4

Erik Erikson

Question 5

Jean Piaget’s Stages

Answer 5

Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations

Question 6

Tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered…

Answer 6

Conservation

Question 7

Conservation refers to

Answer 7

Volume or mass

Question 8

Conservation is mastered in what Piagetian stage

Answer 8

Concrete operations

Question 9

Who expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development

Answer 9

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 10

Jean Piaget concept of reversibility

Answer 10

one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape

Question 11

Egocentrism

Answer 11

child cannot view the world from the vantage point of someone else

Question 12

Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development

Answer 12

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Question 13

Heinz dilemma

Answer 13

Used by Kohlberg to assess level and stage of moral development.

Question 14

Term identity crisis comes from work of

Answer 14

Erikson

Question 15

Preconventional level: moral behavior guided by

Answer 15

consequences

Question 16

Conventional level: moral behavior guided by

Answer 16

desire to live up to society’s expectations and desire to conform

Question 17

Postconventional level: moral behavior guided by

Answer 17

self-imposed morals and ethics

Question 18

Lev Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development

Answer 18

Difference between child’s performance without a teacher versus that which he/she is capable of with an instructor

Question 19

What psychiatrist associated with bonding and attachment

Answer 19

John Bowlby

Question 20

Researcher known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkies

Answer 20

Harry Harlow

Question 21

Kohlberg 6 stages of moral development

Answer 21

Punishment/obedience orientation; naïve hedonism orientation; good boy/good girl orientation; authority, law, order orientation; democratically accepted law; principles of self-conscience and universal ethics

Question 22

Who researched matter of depth perception in children using a visual cliff

Answer 22

Eleanor Gibson

Question 23

When did elementary school counseling and guidance services begin to gain momentum

Answer 23

1960s

Question 24

Which theorist stated that aggression is an inborn tendency

Answer 24

Konrad Lorenz

Question 25

Imprinting

Answer 25

instinct in which newborn will follow moving objects

Question 26

Who created the hierarchy of needs

Answer 26

Abraham Maslow

Question 27

Assimilation

Answer 27

Taking in new information

Question 28

Accommodation

Answer 28

Modification of child’s cognitive structures (schemas) to deal with new information

Question 29

Equilibration

Answer 29

balance between assimilation and accommodation