Human Geography - Diverse Places - Application Flashcards
UK’s population growth
2015 - population 65.1 million
2005-2015 - population grew between 3.5-4% every year
Rapid growth has happened with increased immigration from European countries
1960s - also rapid growth in population due to ‘baby boom’ that followed the end of WW2
1970s and 1980s - population grew very slowly - around 0.2% a year between 1975 and 1980 coincided with deindustrialization and other economic problems such as high inflation
UK population density
uneven across the UK
England - most densely populated part of the UK - 413 people per km2
Scotland - least densely populated - 68 people per km2
Greater London - population density of 1510 people per km2
Herefordshire (rural) - 87 people per km2
Variations within urban areas - London
population density changes according to where a place is on the rural-urban continuum - also lots of variations in density and structure within urban areas
e.g. London:
Islington - population density of 15,817 people per km2
Richmond upon Thames - population density of 3408 people per km2
Inner London - 33% of the population is between 25 and 39 years old
Outer London - 24% of the population is between 25 and 39 years old
Differences in international migration
Newham = ethnically diverse (whites make up 30% of the population compared to 82% nationally)
3/4 of babies in Newham are born to women born outside the UK
People who migrate tend to be young adults (higher fertility)
Variations between settlements
Many Poles joined the UK military after Nazi Germany invaded their country in 1939 - many stationed in Swindon and stayed there after the war
in 1950s, not enough British workers for Bradford’s textile mills
Pakistani migrants filled the shortage, taking over from German and Irish migrants who had increased Bradford’s diversity in the 19th century
52% of Chichester’s population is female with ratio of 30 males to 70 females at its university - trend of more women studying at uni than men
UK Migrants - Population
concentrated in London - around 36% of ppl in the UK who were born abroad live there
The West Midlands, the South East, and East Midlands together have around 38% of UK residents who were born abroad
Lowest proportion of people born abroad is in the North East (6.2%)
Local Place - Tervuren
Local Mosques - mosques within a short drive of Tervuren but none in Tervuren itself
Local Churches - range of Christian churches, services conducted in Dutch, French, English, and Korean - there are both Catholic and Protestant churches - e.g. Korean Church, St. Paul Church (English)
No Synagogues in Tervuren - closest are in Brussels
International school - BSB
located in the Rural-Urban fringe of Brussels
a commuter town - traveling to Brussels, Leuven, or Zaventem
suburb of Brussels
large, high-density, high-value housing
lots of green space
good transport links
expanding town as more ppl counter-urbanize into the suburbs migrating internally and internationally towards Tervuren
25% of the population are foreign-born - diverse
Local Place - Molenbeek
high-density housing
small amounts of green space, few homes with gardens
small public parks
high density of Islamic religious services, 20 mosques within the commune
good transport links - metro, tram, and bus stops
low income housing
became industrial zone during ind. revolution therefore low-quality housing as it was built for workers in the late 1800 - high density
1800 - perceived to be poor quality area - perception maintained over 200 years
Mosques may attract immigrants from Northern Africa and Turkey forming a diaspora
age distribution:
0-9yr = 16,800
10-19 = 13,800
70-79 = 4,800
London Docklands - Why regeneration was needed?
loss of docks due to containerization –> loss of jobs particularly the men that worked in the shipping industry
boats became too large to fit and therefore couldn’t move down the Thames - boats moved downstream where the boats could access
between 1970-80, 30k jobs were lost and in 1981, 50% of the Docklands became derelict
unemployment levels were at 21% with males at 24% which was twice the national average
poor transport links (road and rail) meaning that people didn’t invest in the area as it couldn’t be easily accessed
London Docklands - How was it regenerated?
Housing:
-50,000 new homes have been built since 1981
-building of Silvertown Urban Village, situated in the Royal Docks containing 9000 new homes
Local Community:
-London Docklands Development Corporation (LDDC) helped create Canary Wharf, London City Airport, and the Docklands Light Railways
Transport:
-Docklands Light Railways opened in 1987 costing 73 million pounds
-London City Airport opened in 1987 situated in the Royal Docks: handles 4.3 million passengers a year from 188,000 when it opened in 1987
-Limehouse link road cost 450 million pounds
Environment:
-by 1988 600 hectares of land were reclaimed
-parks and riverside paths were developed
-old houses made to look better
-300 million pounds were spent on improving facilities
London Docklands - Key Players
-LDDC - attracted investment in the area e.g. HSBC, physically regenerated the city to have a new image and improved the community e.g. living conditions
-Central Government - helped plan and grant planning permission
-Transport for London - implemented the DLR and Jubilee line links to the Docklands
-Crossrail - responsible for building new transport hub connected either end of London by 2020
London Docklands - Was regeneration successful?
now contains some of the world’s biggest banks - HSBC, Barclays, Merrill Lynch Bank of America
14 million square feet of office and retail space - many buildings contain cafeterias and gyms which help businesses to attract staff
in 2000, only 28,000 people worked there compared to the 105,000 people now working there
AeroHub Business Park
2000 jobs have been created with an annual economic impact around 200 million pounds
aim was to attract investment to an aviation “hub” that would generate 700 skilled permanent jobs by 2015
it is a partnership between Cornwall council and private investors
Eden Project Cornwall
1999 - disused clay pit in South West England was transformed into a world-class tourist destination and charitable enterprise
Biggest Earth shift in Europe in 1999
injected more than 1bn pounds into the local economy
attracted 13 million visitors
directly created 450 jobs
hosted over 100,000 schoolchildren on organized school visits
supported 2500 local project
funded by Objective One and Convergence
