Human geo part two unit 6

Question 1

Bazaar

Answer 1

a street market very common in Islamic cities.

Question 2

Bid-Rent Theory

Answer 2

the amount of money different land users are prepared to pay for locations at various distances from the city center. The result is a tendency for a concentric pattern of land uses.

Question 3

Blockbusting

Answer 3

rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging ethnic minorities (African-American) to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting out migration, real agents profit through the turnover of properties.

Question 4

Brownfields

Answer 4

former industrial sites that cities are now attempting to redevelop.

Question 5

Central Business District (CBD)

Answer 5

the downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

Question 6

Census Tract

Answer 6

small districts used by the U.S. Census Bureau to survey the population.

Question 7

Cityscape

Answer 7

artwork that shows a city.

Question 8

Colonial city

Answer 8

a city founded by colonialism or an indigenous city whose structure was deeply influenced by Western colonialism.

Question 9

Commercialization

Answer 9

the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.

Question 10

Commuter zone

Answer 10

the outermost zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute into the CBD to work.

Question 11

Concentric Zone Model

Answer 11

a model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district.

Question 12

Counterurbanization

Answer 12

the net loss of population from cities to smaller towns and rural areas.

Question 13

Decentralization

Answer 13

the tendency of people or businesses and industry to locate outside the central city.

Question 14

Edge city (Boomburgs)

Answer 14

distinct sizable nodal concentration of retail and office space of lower than central city densities and situated on the outer fringes of older metropolitan areas; usually localized by or near major highway intersections.

Question 15

Ethnoburbs

Answer 15

neighborhoods dominated by a specific ethnic group, such as Chinatown or Little Saigon in Los Angeles.

Question 16

Exurb

Answer 16

small communities lying beyond the suburbs of a city.

Question 17

Festival landscape

Answer 17

a space within an urban environment that can accommodate a large number of people.

Question 18

Festival setting

Answer 18

a multi-use redevelopment project that is built around a particular setting, often one with a historical association.

Question 19

Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model)

Answer 19

a model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

Question 20

Gentrification

Answer 20

the invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less expensive and well-located residences; a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

Question 21

Greenbelts

Answer 21

rural areas that are set aside to prevent development from extending too far outwards.

Question 22

In-filling

Answer 22

the process of cities that are close to each other merging together.

Question 23

Inner city

Answer 23

the central area of a major city; in the U.S. the term is often applied to the poorer parts of the city center and is sometimes used as a euphemism with the connotation of being an area, perhaps a ghetto, where people are less educated and wealthy and where there is more crime.

Question 24

Invasion and succession

Answer 24

process by which new immigrants move into a city and dominate or take over area or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups.

Question 25

Latin America City Model

Answer 25

developed by Larry Ford it combines elements of Latin American culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the Disamenity sectors.

Question 26

Multiple nuclei model

Answer 26

the postulate that large cities develop by peripheral spread not from one central business district but from several nodes of growth, each of specialized use. The separately expanding use districts eventually coalesce at their margins.

Question 27

Neighborhood

Answer 27

a small social area within a city where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis.

Question 28

New Urbanism

Answer 28

the movement to plan communities with a diversity of jobs, and that are more walkable rather than automobile dependent.

Question 29

Office Park

Answer 29

a cluster of office buildings usually located along an interstate, often forming the nucleus of an edge city.

Question 30

Peak land value intersection

Answer 30

the most accessible and costly parcel of land in the CBD and therefore in the entire urbanized area.

Question 31

Planned communities

Answer 31

a city, town, or community that was designed from scratch, and grew up more or less following the plan.

Question 32

Redlining

Answer 32

a practice by banks and mortgage companies of demarcating areas considered to be a high risk for housing loans.

Question 33

Restrictive covenants

Answer 33

a statement written into a property deed that restricts the use of land in some way; often used to prohibit certain groups of people from buying property.

Question 34

Sector model

Answer 34

a description of urban land uses as wedge-shaped sectors radiating outward from the CBD along transportation corridors; the radial across routes attract particular uses to certain sectors, with high-status residential uses occupying the most desirable wedges.

Question 35

Shopping malls

Answer 35

a building or set of buildings that contain stores, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from store to store; the walkways may be enclosed.

Question 36

Slum

Answer 36

a district area of a city or town which usually inhabited by the very poor or socially disadvantaged; can be found in large cities around the world; different from favelas or shantytowns in that they consist of permanent housing rather than less-durable shacks of cardboard or corrugate iron or newspaper.

Question 37

Smart growth

Answer 37

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Question 38

Squatter settlement (shantytown, barriadas, favela, etc.)

Answer 38

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Question 39

Suburb

Answer 39

a subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city; many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls.

Question 40

Suburbanization

Answer 40

movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions.

Question 41

Tenements

Answer 41

rundown apartment buildings that are minimally kept up by landlords because their value is so low.

Question 42

Underclass

Answer 42

a subset of the poor, isolated from mainstream values and the formal labor market.

Question 43

Urban heat island

Answer 43

a dome of heat over a city created by urban activities and conditions

Question 44

Urban hydrology

Answer 44

how a city deals with getting clean water to its citizens and then removing dirty water and cleaning it before it is distributed back into the world’s rivers and oceans

Question 45

Urban morphology

Answer 45

the form and structure of cities, including street patterns and the size and shape of buildings.

Question 46

Urban renewal

Answer 46

program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private owners, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers.

Question 47

Urban sprawl

Answer 47

unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.

Question 48

Zone

Answer 48

area of a city with a relatively uniform land use, e.g., an industrial area or residential area.

Question 49

Zone in transition

Answer 49

an area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD.

Question 50

Zoning laws

Answer 50

legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of buildings and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas. In the U.S., areas are most commonly divided into separate zones of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial use.