Human geo part two unit 5

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership.

Question 2

Agricultural industrialization

Answer 2

the increased mechanization of the farming process to increase productivity and profits

Question 3

Bid Rent Theory

Answer 3

different land users are prepared to pay different amounts, the bid rents, for locations at various distances from the city center.

Question 4

Biotechnology

Answer 4

means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

Question 5

Cadastral system

Answer 5

patterns of settlement and land use that delineates property lines

Question 6

Combine

Answer 6

separates the seed from the shaft of the plant, eliminating the need to do so manually

Question 7

Creative destruction

Answer 7

the removal of what nature originally produced in a particular location to grow what is desired

Question 8

Dairy farming

Answer 8

a class of agricultural, or more properly, an animal husbandry enterprise, raising female cattle, goats, or certain other lactating livestock for long-term production of milk, which may be either processed onsite or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale.

Question 9

Farm crisis

Answer 9

farmers are too productive, causing supply to exceed demand for many products, meaning lower prices and less revenue for farmers.

Question 10

Feedlot

Answer 10

a factory like farm devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying; all feed is imported and no crops are grown on the farm.

Question 11

Food chain

Answer 11

the process of going from the crop in the field to the individual customer who buys it - in between this includes transportation systems, food processors, wholesalers, and grocery stores

Question 12

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)

Answer 12

crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

Question 13

Grain farming

Answer 13

the mass planting and harvesting of grain crops such as wheat, barley, and millet

Question 14

Horticulture

Answer 14

the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants

Question 15

Livestock fattening

Answer 15

the deliberate adding of weight to animals, such as cows and hogs, to increase their sale price.

Question 16

Livestock ranching

Answer 16

a commercial type of agriculture that produces fattened cattle and hogs for meat.

Question 17

Locavores

Answer 17

people who consume products grown or raised close to them

Question 18

Long lots

Answer 18

distinct regional approach to land surveying found in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, and canals.

Question 19

Market gardening

Answer 19

the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre to a few acres, or sometimes in greenhouses.

Question 20

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 20

must be practiced in a climate that has a dry summer and a cool, moist winter - crops include grapes, dates, and olives

Question 21

Metes and bounds

Answer 21

a system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of this surveying, the U.S. Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.

Question 22

Milkshed

Answer 22

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Question 23

Organic farming

Answer 23

approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs

Question 24

Primogeniture

Answer 24

system where the eldest son in a family, or in exceptional cases, a daughter inherits all of the parent’s land

Question 25

Suitcase farm

Answer 25

farms on which no one resides permanently - planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews.

Question 26

Township-and-range

Answer 26

a rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior, also called rectangular survey system.

Question 27

Truck farm

Answer 27

commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because the word was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Question 28

Von Thunen’s Model (Agriculture location model)

Answer 28

deals with both the location and allocation process of land use by farmers, and the spatial organization of agricultural land uses - emphasized distance from farm to market as well as transport costs, yield, market prices, and production costs as rent determinants.