Human geo part two unit 5 Flashcards
Agribusiness
highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership.
Agricultural industrialization
the increased mechanization of the farming process to increase productivity and profits
Bid Rent Theory
different land users are prepared to pay different amounts, the bid rents, for locations at various distances from the city center.
Biotechnology
means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.
Cadastral system
patterns of settlement and land use that delineates property lines
Combine
separates the seed from the shaft of the plant, eliminating the need to do so manually
Creative destruction
the removal of what nature originally produced in a particular location to grow what is desired
Dairy farming
a class of agricultural, or more properly, an animal husbandry enterprise, raising female cattle, goats, or certain other lactating livestock for long-term production of milk, which may be either processed onsite or transported to a dairy for processing and eventual retail sale.
Farm crisis
farmers are too productive, causing supply to exceed demand for many products, meaning lower prices and less revenue for farmers.
Feedlot
a factory like farm devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying; all feed is imported and no crops are grown on the farm.
Food chain
the process of going from the crop in the field to the individual customer who buys it - in between this includes transportation systems, food processors, wholesalers, and grocery stores
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)
crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
Grain farming
the mass planting and harvesting of grain crops such as wheat, barley, and millet
Horticulture
the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants
Livestock fattening
the deliberate adding of weight to animals, such as cows and hogs, to increase their sale price.
Livestock ranching
a commercial type of agriculture that produces fattened cattle and hogs for meat.
Locavores
people who consume products grown or raised close to them
Long lots
distinct regional approach to land surveying found in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, and canals.
Market gardening
the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre to a few acres, or sometimes in greenhouses.
Mediterranean agriculture
must be practiced in a climate that has a dry summer and a cool, moist winter - crops include grapes, dates, and olives
Metes and bounds
a system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of this surveying, the U.S. Land Office Survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system.
Milkshed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
Organic farming
approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
Primogeniture
system where the eldest son in a family, or in exceptional cases, a daughter inherits all of the parent’s land
Suitcase farm
farms on which no one resides permanently - planting and harvesting is done by hired migratory crews.
Township-and-range
a rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior, also called rectangular survey system.
Truck farm
commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because the word was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.
Von Thunen’s Model (Agriculture location model)
deals with both the location and allocation process of land use by farmers, and the spatial organization of agricultural land uses - emphasized distance from farm to market as well as transport costs, yield, market prices, and production costs as rent determinants.
