human genome and variation and protien synthesis

Question 1

State two benefits of discovering the sequence of bases for all plants and animals.(2)

Answer 1

1. identify useful genes(1)

Understand diseases(1)

Question 2

Describe how these changes in DNA sequences can affect the individual and how sequencing a persons genome could influence their medical treatment(6)

Answer 2

DNA sequences
DNA has different bases
changes in the DNA are mutations.
affects the phenotype/produces variation.

Outcome of DNA sequencing for the individual.
Identify genetic diseases
Identify the risk of developing diseases.
Allow the individual to modify their lifestyle changes.

Impact on medical treatement
We have better understanding of some diseases
provide tailor made medical treatments.

Question 3

State two benefits that the human Genome project could have for medicines(2)

Answer 3

treat genetic diseases(1)

personalised medicine(1)

Question 4

Explain how a change in the DNA sequence of a gene can result in production of a different protein(4)

Answer 4

Changes the sequence of the MRNA(1)
produced in transcription(1)

leads to a different amino acid/in the polypeptide sequence(1)

which is added by the trna during translation at ribosome(1)

changes the shape structure of protein(1)

Question 5

Describe how this TRNA strand is then used to make proteins(4)

Answer 5

Process is translation(1)

MRNA leaves the nucleus(1)
MRNA joins to ribosomes(1)
TRNA carries amino acids(1)
TRNA joins to MRNA

Bases read as codons(1)

MRNA holds TRNA so amino acids are joined together to make polypeptides(1)

Question 6

Describe how a section of DNA determines the structure of a protein.(4)

Answer 6

Sequence of bases determines sequence of amino acids(1)

idea of one codon(1)

Several amino acids make up proteins(1)

MRNA made(1)
MrNA attached to ribosome(1)

Question 7

Explain how the human genome project has contributed to advances in medicine(2)

Answer 7

People can be tested for genetic disorder(1)

Personalised medication(1)

Question 8

Explain how the order of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of the gene(4)

Answer 8

A single strand of MRNA is transcribed from the gene to the nucleus(1)

MRNA molecule binds to the ribosome(1)

A triplet code from the MRNA is matched by a complementary tRNA anticodon at the ribosome(1)

TRNA transfers amino acids to the polypeptide chain in a specific order(1)