Human Genetics Flashcards
DNA: consists of (3)
> Deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
DNA Nitrogenous Base consists of: (4)
DNA Nitrogenous Base: >Adenine >Thymine >Cytosine >Guanine
Amino acids are formed from:
> Proteins
Ribosomes synthesize :
> Proteins
RNA:types of
> Messenger (mRNA)
Ribosomal (rRNA)
Transfer (tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA): function and where it’s produced
> produced in Transcription
>carries Genetic info from DNA to Ribosomes
Ribosomal (rRNA): forms
> forms structural components of Ribosomes
Transfer (tRNA): function
> Carries the Amino Acids to Ribosomes
Codons: how and where are they grouped?
> grouped in 3 neucleotides on Messenger RNA (mRNA)
How many: Codons and Amino Acids?
> 64 Codons
>20 Amino Acids
Chromosomes consist of:
> Genes
Genes: definition and made of
> are units of Genetic info
>made up of DNA
Allele
> is a trait or variation of a gene
ie: Blue eyes
Genotype: formed by
> formed by all the genes
Phenotype
> the physical manifestation of genes
Nucleus: functions (2), contain
> responsible for Passing along Genetic Traits
regulates the DNA of a cell
Contains Chromosomes
Chromosomes
> thread-like rods of DNA
Helicase: function
> unwinds the DNA
Primase:functions
> lays down RNA Primers on strands
Ligase: function
> glues DNA together
DNA Polymerase III: function
> builds DNA off RNA Primers
DNA Polymerase 1: function
> replaces RNA with DNA
Histones: what are they? And what’s their function?
> are organizational Proteins
>help keep DNA from getting tangled
Plasmids
> pieces of DNA
Mitochondrion (-dria): functions (5)
>cell Energy via ATP >cell Cycle and Growth >cell Signaling >cell Differentiation >Aerobic respiration
Mitosis: produces, occurs in
> produces genetically Identical cells
occurs Asexually
occurs in: Humans, Animals, and Plants
Meiosis: produces, occurs in
> produces genetically Different cells
>occurs in humans, animals, and plants
