Human gas exchange Flashcards
how do we exhale
diaphragm relaxes to dome shape
external intercoastal muscles contract
ribs drop down
the volume of the thorax decreases
air pressure increases
air exits lungs
how do we inhale
diaphragm contracts and flattens
internal intercostal muscles contract
rib moves outwards
volume of thorax increases
air pressure in thorax to decrease
cause air to enter lungs
breathing definition
movement of air in and out of lungs
respiration definition
chemical process takes place in every cell releasing the energy stored in glucose
gas exchange in alveoli
transfer of particles through a semi-permeable membrane down the concentration gradient through a net movement
what does alveoli diffuse in and out
oxygen into blood stream
carbon dioxide out into lungs for exhale
negative parts of smoking
carbon monoxide
nicotine
tar
negatives of tar
contain carcinogens (cancer causing molecules)
negatives of nicotine
addictive
stimulant to increase heart rate
Conditions with smoking
emphysema
bronchitis
lung cancer
emphysema drawbacks
decrease rate of gas exchange
fuses alveoli together reducing surface area and bursting them
lung cancer drawbacks
damages DNA causes mutation which spread uncontrollably
bronchitis drawbacks
irritates bronchioles creating mucus that blocks airways
