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biology > human coordination and response > Flashcards

human coordination and response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

difference in voluntarily response compared to involuntarily reaction ?

A

use of the brain through the spinal chord when the sensory neuron enter the CNS

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2
Q

what is the CNS made generally of ?

A

brain and spinal chord

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3
Q

chain of happenings in involuntary reaction ?

A

stimulus->receptor->sensory->CNS(relay)->motor neuron->effector->response

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4
Q

def of stimulus ?

A

change that leads to a response sent in electric signals

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5
Q

def of receptor ?

A

specialized cells detect stimulus

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6
Q

use of parts in motor neuron ?

A

mycelium sheath = insulates axon->speeds up conductivity
axon = carries impulse to effector
dendrites = to receive signal

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7
Q

describe what happens with reflexes

A

receptor in the __ detects stimulus of ___
sensory neuron carries electrical impulse from receptor to the relay neuron in the CNS
chemical transmitter released to diffuse across the synapse between sensory and relay then relay to motor
triggers electrical nerve impulse in motor neuron contracting the effector to _____

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8
Q

what is the use of chemical neuro transmitters ?

A

to help conduct the electrical impulse past the gap between neurons

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9
Q

what do cones detect ?

A

red green and blue

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10
Q

what do rods detect ?

A

monochromatic light

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11
Q

circular muscles and radial muscles in brighter light?

A

circular muscles contract
radial muscles relax
eye constricts

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12
Q

circular muscles and radial muscles in dimmer light?

A

circular muscles relax
radial muscle contracts
eye dilates

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13
Q

eyes on distant objects ?

A

light ray - nearly parallel
cornea - bends light
radial muscles - contract
ciliary muscles - relax
causes suspensory ligaments - taught
causes lens - thin
light bends - little

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14
Q

eyes on close objects ?

A

light ray - divergent
cornea - bends light
radial muscles - relax
ciliary muscles - contracts
causes suspensory ligaments - slack
causes lens - thick
light bends - more

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15
Q

def of fovea ?

A

point on the retina with the most dense cones and rods

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16
Q

where does light focus on long sighted eyes ?

A

light focuses behind the fovea

17
Q

where does light focus on short sighted eyes ?

A

before fovea

18
Q

what is the normal human temperature ?

A

37

19
Q

how do human cool down(3 points)

A

sweating
hair lies flat
vasodilation of blood vessels

20
Q

explain how sweating cools you down ?

A

sweat moves heat away from the body via conduction and then evaporates

21
Q

explain how hair cools you down ?

A

lies flat allows air to pass by the skin allowing cool air to conduct heat away from the body

22
Q

explain how blood cells cool you down

A

vasodilation
more blood near the surface
more heat lost to environment

23
Q

ways to warm up

A

shivering
hair stand on end
vasoconstriction

24
Q

how does shivering help warm the body

A

increased muscle contraction
increased energy needed
more respiration needed
more heat from respiration

25
Q

how does hair help warm the body

A

traps air
less heat loss

26
Q

how does vasoconstriction help warm the body

A

narrow less blood flow near the surface
less heat loss

27
Q

where is the ADH secreted and what is the use of it

A

water becomes absorbed
pituitary

28
Q

where is the FSH and LH secreted and what is the use of it

A

control of menstrual cycle
pituitary

29
Q

where is the thyroxine secreted and what is the use of it

A

regulates metabolism
thyroide

30
Q

where is the glucagon and insulin secreted and what is the use of it

A

regulates blood sugar
pancreas

31
Q

where is the adrenaline secreted and what is the use of it

A

increase heart rate
adrenal

32
Q

where is the estrogen secreted and what is the use of it

A

control development of female secondary characteristics
ovary

33
Q

where is the progesterone secreted and what is the use of it

A

regulates menstrual cycle
ovary

33
Q

where is the testosterone secreted and what is the use of it

A

control development of male secondary characteristics
testes

34
Q

path of action for adrenaline

A

exposure to stimulus induces stress
body prepares for fight or flight
adrenalin released by adrenal glands
adrenaline binds to receptors in the heart
heart contract more often and with more force
muscles receive more oxygen and glucose for respiration

35
Q

use of insulin

A

normal blood sugar
eat
blood sugar increases
pancreases release insulin
liver converts glucose to glycogen
normal blood sugar

36
Q

use of glucagon

A

normal blood sugar
exercise
blood sugar decreases
pancreases release glucagon
liver converts glycogen to glucose
normal blood sugar levels

37
Q
A

biology (4 decks)

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