human coordination and response Flashcards
difference in voluntarily response compared to involuntarily reaction ?
use of the brain through the spinal chord when the sensory neuron enter the CNS
what is the CNS made generally of ?
brain and spinal chord
chain of happenings in involuntary reaction ?
stimulus->receptor->sensory->CNS(relay)->motor neuron->effector->response
def of stimulus ?
change that leads to a response sent in electric signals
def of receptor ?
specialized cells detect stimulus
use of parts in motor neuron ?
mycelium sheath = insulates axon->speeds up conductivity
axon = carries impulse to effector
dendrites = to receive signal
describe what happens with reflexes
receptor in the __ detects stimulus of ___
sensory neuron carries electrical impulse from receptor to the relay neuron in the CNS
chemical transmitter released to diffuse across the synapse between sensory and relay then relay to motor
triggers electrical nerve impulse in motor neuron contracting the effector to _____
what is the use of chemical neuro transmitters ?
to help conduct the electrical impulse past the gap between neurons
what do cones detect ?
red green and blue
what do rods detect ?
monochromatic light
circular muscles and radial muscles in brighter light?
circular muscles contract
radial muscles relax
eye constricts
circular muscles and radial muscles in dimmer light?
circular muscles relax
radial muscle contracts
eye dilates
eyes on distant objects ?
light ray - nearly parallel
cornea - bends light
radial muscles - contract
ciliary muscles - relax
causes suspensory ligaments - taught
causes lens - thin
light bends - little
eyes on close objects ?
light ray - divergent
cornea - bends light
radial muscles - relax
ciliary muscles - contracts
causes suspensory ligaments - slack
causes lens - thick
light bends - more
def of fovea ?
point on the retina with the most dense cones and rods
where does light focus on long sighted eyes ?
light focuses behind the fovea
where does light focus on short sighted eyes ?
before fovea
what is the normal human temperature ?
37
how do human cool down(3 points)
sweating
hair lies flat
vasodilation of blood vessels
explain how sweating cools you down ?
sweat moves heat away from the body via conduction and then evaporates
explain how hair cools you down ?
lies flat allows air to pass by the skin allowing cool air to conduct heat away from the body
explain how blood cells cool you down
vasodilation
more blood near the surface
more heat lost to environment
ways to warm up
shivering
hair stand on end
vasoconstriction
how does shivering help warm the body
increased muscle contraction
increased energy needed
more respiration needed
more heat from respiration
how does hair help warm the body
traps air
less heat loss
how does vasoconstriction help warm the body
narrow less blood flow near the surface
less heat loss
where is the ADH secreted and what is the use of it
water becomes absorbed
pituitary
where is the FSH and LH secreted and what is the use of it
control of menstrual cycle
pituitary
where is the thyroxine secreted and what is the use of it
regulates metabolism
thyroide
where is the glucagon and insulin secreted and what is the use of it
regulates blood sugar
pancreas
where is the adrenaline secreted and what is the use of it
increase heart rate
adrenal
where is the estrogen secreted and what is the use of it
control development of female secondary characteristics
ovary
where is the progesterone secreted and what is the use of it
regulates menstrual cycle
ovary
where is the testosterone secreted and what is the use of it
control development of male secondary characteristics
testes
path of action for adrenaline
exposure to stimulus induces stress
body prepares for fight or flight
adrenalin released by adrenal glands
adrenaline binds to receptors in the heart
heart contract more often and with more force
muscles receive more oxygen and glucose for respiration
use of insulin
normal blood sugar
eat
blood sugar increases
pancreases release insulin
liver converts glucose to glycogen
normal blood sugar
use of glucagon
normal blood sugar
exercise
blood sugar decreases
pancreases release glucagon
liver converts glycogen to glucose
normal blood sugar levels
