Human factors

Question 1

What role do Human Factors play in aviation?

Answer 1

75-80% of all accidents are related to human factors

Question 2

What are the „Dirty Dozen“ aspects?

Answer 2

• Lack of communication
• Lack of knowledge
• Lack of assertiveness (lack of positive communication)
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of teamwork
• Lack of resources
• Distraction
• Stress
• Pressure
• Norms
• Fatigue
• Complacency (overestiating own abilities)

Question 3

What limitations do humans have?

Answer 3

• deficinecy of oxygen
• fatigue
• workload
• attention span
  HFACS Framework
• organizational influences
• unsafe supervisions
• preconditions of unsafe acts
• unsafe acts

Question 4

How does the atmosphere affect us?

Answer 4

• high altitudes-> low pressure
• deficiency of O2
• can cause: hypoxia, visual illusions, hyperventilation, skin symptoms, trapped gases

Question 5

How to certify that pilots are fit to fly

Answer 5

• Medical certificate

- Class 1, Class 2, LAPL, different validity

Question 6

How to calculate the probability for error (HEP)?

Answer 6

1. Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)
   2.Assign task to appropriate generic task category
2. Assess proportion of Error Producing Conditions (EPCs)
3. Determine the Assessed Proportion of Affect (APOA)
   𝑃𝑖=π∗(𝑓𝑖−1)+1
4. Calculate HEPCalculate overall probability of failure of task:
   𝐻𝐸𝑃=𝑅∗Sum(i=1 bis 𝑛𝐸𝑃𝐶𝑃)P𝑖=𝑅∗Sum(𝑖=1 bis 𝑛𝐸𝑃𝐶)[𝜋∗(𝑓𝑖−1)+1]

Question 7

How to maintain situational awareness?

Answer 7

Look-think-act
Endsley Model:
1. Perception of elements in the current situation
2. Comprehension of current situation
3. Projection of future status

Question 8

What is fatigue?

Answer 8

Non-pathologic state resulting in a decreased ability to maintain function or workload due to mental or physical stress.

• Affective Fatigue
• Physical Fatigue
• Cognitive Fatigue

Question 9

How to measure the level of fatigue?

Answer 9

• three-Process Model of Alertness (TPM) ??

Question 10

What do authorities do against fatigue?

Answer 10

• flight and duty time limitations
• monitoring
• Work time arrangements including shift work scheduling
• Rest scheduling and napping
• Work environment and task modification
• Individual countermeas