Human Factors

Question 1

In the SHELL model, what 4 factors does liveware interact with?

Answer 1

Liveware
Software
Hardware
Environment

Question 2

What does Boyle’s Law state?

Answer 2

Volume inversely proportional to Pressure

Question 3

What does Charles’ Law state?

Answer 3

Volume proportional to Temperature (at constant Pressure)

Question 4

What does Dalton’s Law state?

Answer 4

Overall Pressure = sum of partial pressures

Question 5

What does Henry’s law state?

Answer 5

Amount of gas dissolved into a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid

Question 6

What does Fick’s law state?

Answer 6

Gas will diffuse from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Question 7

Where specifically does gas transfer take place?

Answer 7

Alveoli

Question 8

What is the approximate value for total lung capacity?

Answer 8

6000ml

Question 9

What is the approximate tidal lung capacity at rest?

Answer 9

500ml

Question 10

Lung capacity - what constitutes vital capacity?

Answer 10

Resting tidal volume, Inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume,

Question 11

Lung capacity - what constitutes inspiratory capacity?

Answer 11

Resting tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume

Question 12

Lung capacity - what constitutes functional residual capacity?

Answer 12

Expiratory reserve volume, residual volume

Question 13

How is oxygen carried around the body?

Answer 13

As oxyhaemoglobin in the corpuscles (red blood cells)

Question 14

How is carbon dioxide transferred around the body?

Answer 14

Dissolved in the blood plasma as carbonic acid

Question 15

What is increased rate of breathing usually triggered by?

Answer 15

Excess carbon dioxide in the blood reacting with the nervous system

Question 16

How does carbon monoxide effect the body?

Answer 16

Bonds with haemoglobin more effectively than oxygen does so not enough oxygen is carried in the blood

Question 17

What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 17

bright red blood so flushed appearance, headache, breathlessness, unconsciousness

Question 18

How is carbon monoxide poisoning treated?

Answer 18

100% oxygen

Question 19

What are the main artery and main vein called?

Answer 19

Aorta

Vena Cava

Question 20

What do the coronary arteries do?

Answer 20

Supply the heart with blood

Question 21

What is the cardiac output (litres per minute) for an adult at rest?

Answer 21

5 litres a minute

Question 22

What is systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Answer 22

systolic- arterial pressure when ventricles contract

diastolic- arterial pressure between beats when heart relaxed

Question 23

Typical values for blood pressure in a young adult

Answer 23

120/80

Question 24

What is the percentage and partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs at sea level

Answer 24

14.5% 100mmHg

Question 25

At what altitude is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs half of that at sea level?

Answer 25

18000ft

Question 26

What is the maximum height you should operate at without supplementary oxygen

Answer 26

10000ft

Question 27

At what height is 100% oxygen and pressure breathing required?

Answer 27

40000

Question 28

What is the time of useful consciousness when exposed to hypoxia at 25000ft when moderately active

Answer 28

2.5minutes

Question 29

How much positive G can the body tolerate unaided?

Answer 29

7 to 8G

Question 30

In terms of accelerations, what constitutes long duration?

Answer 30

> 1second