Human Factors

Question 1

Green

Answer 1

Threats, and errors are detected and managed, individual or team
saturation level is manageable, task completion is standard, situational
awareness is not impaired, relevant communication is occurring, and the
flight path management plan is understood (ahead of the airplane).

Question 2

Yellow

Answer 2

Some threats or errors are ignored or undetected, individual or
team saturation level is elevated, task completion is marginal, situational
awareness is compromised, relevant communication is minimal, and the
flight path management plan is deteriorating (slightly behind the airplane).

Asking for holding instructions to mitigate. Delegate and consider the automation mode. More automation can reduce pilot saturation level and return the team or individual to the green.

Question 3

Red

Answer 3

Threats or errors are not being detected, individual or team saturation
level high, task completion is poor, situational awareness is lost, relevant
communication has ceased, and the flight path management plan is unclear
(significantly behind the aircraft).

Short approach, incomplete checklists, aircraft unstable on the approach. Mitigate? On the approach - Unstable, missed approach or go-around. Create time as with the TEAM model to reduce saturation.

Question 4

Decision making model/process

Answer 4

Define the problem,
Identify possible solutions,
Gather data,
Make a decision/implement,
Evaluate.

Question 5

Low Area of Vulnerability

Answer 5

Crews maintain a relaxed awareness of the flight path and potential
deviations that could result.
(b) Both pilots may accomplish other (non-flight path) tasks – but not
at the same time. Non-flight path tasks should be accomplished
by the PM whenever possible.
(c) Pilots should focus on and complete anticipated, non-flight path
related tasks in low AOVs to proactively reduce their task loading
during expected medium and high AOVs.

Question 6

Medium Area of Vulnerability

Answer 6

a) At least one pilot must maintain a heightened awareness of the
flight path and prioritize the flying/taxiing of the aircraft above all
other tasks.
(b) Both pilots must be engaged in FPM.
(c) Essential tasks (not related to the flight path) may be accomplished
by the PM.
(d) Neither pilot should engage in any nonessential tasks.

Question 7

High Area of Vulnerability

Answer 7

(a) Both pilots must maintain a heightened awareness of the flight path
and prioritize the flying/taxiing of the aircraft above all other tasks.
(b) Tasks unrelated to flight path management should be deferred for a
lower AOV.
(c) When essential, time-critical tasks cannot be avoided, flight crews
should ensure those tasks are accomplished by the PM, allowing the
PF to maintain a heightened awareness of the flight path.